Popliteal Fossa And Knee

Question 1

Superior border of popliteal fossa

Answer 1

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus medially
Biceps femoris laterally

Question 2

Inferior border of popliteal fossa

Answer 2

Medial and lateral heads of grastrocnemius

Question 3

Roof of popliteal fossa

Answer 3

Fascia Lata
Pierced by small saphenous vein and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 4

Floor of popliteal fossa

Answer 4

Popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint and popliteal ligament, popliteus and fascia

Question 5

Contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 5

Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 6

The 4 branches of the common peroneal nerve

Answer 6

1. Sural communicating nerve - joins the sural nerve below gastrocnemius
2. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf - supplies skin over the upper peroneal and extensor components
3. Superior and inferior genicular nerves - travels with the arteries to supply the capsule of the knee and lateral ligament
4. Recurrent genicular nerve - perforates tibialis anterior to supply the capsules of the superior tibiofibular joint and knee joint

Question 7

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

Answer 7

Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve

Question 8

Where does the common peroneal nerve run

Answer 8

Runs down laterally
Lies on the neck of fibula

Question 9

Where does the tibial nerve run

Answer 9

Runs vertically down the fossa
Disappears between the head of gastrocnemius

Question 10

What do the motor branches of the tibial nerve supply

Answer 10

All muscles arising in the popliteal fossa - plantaris, both heads of gastrocnemius, soleus, popliteus
Posterior compartment of the leg - flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior and intrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 11

What are the sensory branches of the tibial nerve

Answer 11

Sural nerve - runs lateral to small saphenous vein, inferior to lateral malleolis, supplies lateral foot
Medial calcaneal, medial and lateral plantar nerves - entire sprain of foot and posterior leg

Question 12

The course of the popliteal artery

Answer 12

Extends from hiatus in adductor Magnus to fibrous arch in soleus
Enters fossa on medial side of femur
Deep and medial to sciatic nerve
Lateral to tibial nerve
Passes under fibrous arch in soleus
Divided into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 13

Origin of popliteus

Answer 13

Triangular area on posterior surface of tibia above the soleal line

Question 14

Insertion of popliteus

Answer 14

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Question 15

Nerve supply of popliteus

Answer 15

Branch of tibial nerve

Question 16

Action of popliteus

Answer 16

Popliteus unlocks the knee joint from full extension at the commencement of flexion

Question 17

What type of joint is the knee joint

Answer 17

Largest synovial joint
Modified hinge - small amount of rotation in flexed position

Question 18

Bones involved in the knee

Answer 18

Medial and lateral femoral condyles
Medial and lateral tibial condyles
Patella

Question 19

Knee capsule posterior margins/attachments

Answer 19

Proximal margins of femoral condyles and intercondylar fossa
Attachment to the lateral condyle is interrupted by an aperture for passage tendon
Posterior border runs anterior to the cruciate ligaments

Question 20

Knee capsule medial margins

Answer 20

Articular margin of femur and tibia

Question 21

Knee capsule lateral margins

Answer 21

Proximal to groove for popliteus tendon, surrounds head of the fibula

Question 22

Knee capsule anterior margins/attachments

Answer 22

Capsular attachment on femur is deficient above the level of the patella
Permits the suprapatellar bursa to be in full communication with the joint

Question 23

Attachments of medial collateral ligament

Answer 23

For medial femoral epicondyle to upper part of medial surface of tibia

Question 24

What ligaments cross the medial collateral ligament

Answer 24

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendanosus

Question 25

Attachments of acl

Answer 25

From anterior part of tibial plateau, to posteromedial aspect of lateral femoral condyle

Question 26

Actions of ACL

Answer 26

Limits extension and anterior draw
Is taut on knee locking

Question 27

Attachments on PCL

Answer 27

From posterior part of tibial intercondylar to anterior lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

Question 28

With regards to cruciate ligaments what is the pneumonic AL PM

Answer 28

Anterior goes Laterally
Posterior goes Medially

Question 29

What are the 4 anterior bursa of the knee

Answer 29

Suprapatellar, prepatellar, deep infrapatellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar

Question 30

What are the 4 posterior bursa of the knee

Answer 30

Gastrocnemius, semimenbranosus, popliteus, anserine

Question 31

What is the blood supply of the knee

Answer 31

Contributors are the 5 genicular branches of popliteal artery
Middle genicular artery supplies the cruciate ligaments

Question 32

Nerve supply of the knee

Answer 32

Femoral nerve
Sciatic nerve - genicular branch of tibial and common peroneal components
Obturator nerve

Question 33

What does the ACL prevent

Answer 33

Prevents forward displacement of tibia on femur

Question 34

What does the PCL prevent

Answer 34

Backwards displacement of tibia on femur

Question 35

What causes lateral rotation of knee

Answer 35

Bíceps femoris

Question 36

What causes medial rotation of knee

Answer 36

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus