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Electronic Engineering: Year One > Year 1 Power and Energy: AC Circuits > Flashcards

Year 1 Power and Energy: AC Circuits Flashcards

1
Q

What does T&D stand for in “The conventional electrical T&D system”?

A

Transmission and Distribution

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2
Q

What are the four parts of the conventional electrical T&D system?

A
  • Bulk generation
  • Transmission system
  • Distribution system
  • The consumers
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3
Q

What happens during the bulk generation part of the conventional electrical T&D system?

A

Energy is provided to the system

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4
Q

What happens during the transmission system part of the conventional electrical T&D system?

A

Bulk energy is transferred using high voltage alternating currents which are very efficient

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5
Q

What happens during the distribution system part of the conventional electrical T&D system?

A

Energy is delivered to individual users from high voltage to low voltage for convenience and safety

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6
Q

What happens during the consumers part of the conventional electrical T&D system?

A

The energy supply is absorbed

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7
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol of length?

A

Meter, m

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8
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol of time?

A

Seconds, s

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9
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol of mass?

A

Kilogram, kg

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10
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol of temperature?

A

Kelvin, K

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11
Q

What is the SI unit and symbol of electric current?

A

Ampere, A

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12
Q

What are the units and alternative SI expression of Force?

A
  • Newton(N)
  • kg.m/s²
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13
Q

What are the units and alternative SI expression of Energy?

A
  • Joule(J)
  • N.m
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14
Q

What are the units and alternative SI expression of Electric charge?

A
  • Coulomb(C)
  • A.s
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15
Q

What are the units and alternative SI expression of Power?

A
  • Watt(W)
  • J/s = N.m/s
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16
Q

What are the units and alternative SI expression of Voltage?

A
  • Volt
  • W/A = N.m/s/A
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17
Q

What are the four parts of the basic electrical system?

A
  • The source
  • The load
  • The transmission/distribution system
  • The control apparatus
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18
Q

How does an electrical system transmit energy?

A

Due to the movement of electric charge

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19
Q

What is current?

A

The rate of flow of charge

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20
Q

What happens when 1C of charge crosses an area in 1 second?

A

A current of 1A flows

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21
Q

What are the conditions for continuous current flow?

A
  • Complete circuit
  • Presence of a driving influence
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22
Q

Define electromotive force(EMF)

A

The energy expended during the passing of a unit charge through a source

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23
Q

Define potential difference(PD)

A

The energy expending during the passing of a unit charge between two points of a circuit

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24
Q

How is current measured?

A

At one point and has a direction

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25
Q

How is voltage always measured?

A

Across two points and has a polarity

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26
Q

What is the link to electrons and conventional current?

A

Electrons move in the opposite direction to conventional current

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27
Q

Define power

A

The rate of change of energy with time

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28
Q

State Ohm’s Law

A

For a given material, voltage is directly proportional to current at a constant temperature

29
Q

What is conductance?

A

The reciprocal of resistance

30
Q

What is the symbol for conductance?

A

G

31
Q

What is the units for conductance?

A

Siemens(S)

32
Q

Define a short circuit

A

Direct connection between two points in a circuit, with zero resistance

33
Q

Describe the types of short circuit

A
  • Deliberate short circuit: Normally a connecting wire
  • Accidental short circuit: Usually very bad as they cause very high currents and destruction of components
34
Q

Define an open circuit

A
  • No connection between two points in a circuit, i.e infinite resistance
  • Sometimes caused by a bad solder joint
35
Q

Define load

A

The power dissipated in a load resistor

36
Q

What happens when there is no load?

A
  • No load = No load power
  • Current = 0
  • Infinite resistance, i.e an open circuit
37
Q

What is a node?

A

Any point where two or more circuit elements are connected together

38
Q

What is a branch?

A

A circuit element between two nodes

39
Q

What is a loop?

A

A collection of branches that form a closed path returning to the same node without going through any other nodes or branches twice

40
Q

Define Kirchoff’s Current Law(KCL)

A

At any instant, the algebraic sum of all the currents at a node in a circuit is equal to zero

41
Q

Define Kirchoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)

A

At any instant, the algebraic sum of all the voltages around a closed path in a circuit is equal to zero

42
Q

What is a closed path?

A

A loop traced through connecting elements, starting and ending at the same node and encountering each intermediate node only once

43
Q

State the equation that displays the experimental relation between current and capacitance

A

I ≈ C dv/dt

44
Q

What is the role of the resistor?

A

To limit the flow of electrical current in a circuit

45
Q

State 2 features of conventional generation

A
  • Dispatchable
  • Simple power flow in one direction
46
Q

What is the role of a switchgear?

A

Connect and disconnect under normal and fault conditions

47
Q

Define parasitic capacitance

A

Capacitance caused by the space between cables connecting conductors

48
Q

Define 1 Farad

A

Capacitor is able to store one coulomb of charge when the voltage across it is one volt

49
Q

What is an inductor?

A

Circuit element able to store electromagnetic energy in its magnetic field

50
Q

What is the unit of inductance?

A

Henrys(H)

51
Q

What is the equation for energy stored in an inductor?

A

W = ½L²

52
Q

What is the equation for energy stored in a capacitor?

A

W = ½CV²

53
Q

What is the equation for capacitors in series?

A

1/Ceff = 1/c1 + 1/c2

54
Q

What is the equation for capacitors in parallel?

A

Ceff = c1 + c2

55
Q

How does an ideal voltage source work?

A
  • Always supplies the same voltage
  • The current delivered by it, changes with the load
56
Q

Define power

A

The rate of change of energy over time

57
Q

What does a positive sign on a circuit element indicate?

A

Power is absorbed

58
Q

What does a negative sign on a circuit element indicate?

A

Power is supplied

59
Q

How does an ideal current source work?

A
  • Always supplies the same current
  • The voltage delivered by it, changes with the load
60
Q

State the voltage divider rule equations

A
  • v1 = V x r1/r1+r2
  • v2 = V x r2/r1+r2
61
Q

State the current divider rule equations

A
  • i1 = i x r2/r1+r2
  • i2 = i x r1/r1+r2
62
Q

What is the equation for resistors in series?

A

Reff = r1 + r2 + r3

63
Q

What is the equation for resistors in parallel?

A

1/Reff = 1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3

64
Q

What is the equation for TWO resistors in parallel?

A

Reff = r1 x r2/r1 + r2

65
Q

What can an ideal voltage source be replaced with, and why?

A
  • A short circuit
  • As the internal resistance is zero
66
Q

What can an ideal current source be replaced with, and why?

A
  • An open circuit
  • As the internal resistance is infinite
67
Q

What is the relationship between voltage and inductance?

A

V = L di/dt

68
Q

State superposition theorem

A

In any network containing more than one source, the current in or the voltage across any branch can be found by considering each source separately and adding their effects

Electronic Engineering: Year One (6 decks)

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