pp1

Question 1

which three categories that are benefits of physical activity

Answer 1

mental,physical,social

Question 2

what is cross training?

Answer 2

it involves using another sport or activity to improve your fitness. it happens when an athlete trains in a different environment. For example a volleyball player uses power training for that sport to help with fitness for long jump.

Question 3

what are the key principles when planning a programme?

Answer 3

specificity, overload, progression, reversibility

Question 4

what is progression?

Answer 4

start slowly and gradually increase the amount of exercise and keep overloading.

Question 5

what is specificity

Answer 5

training must be matched to the needs of sporting activity to improve fitness in the body parts, the sport uses.

Question 6

what is reversibility?

Answer 6

any adaptation that takes place as a result of training will be reversed when they stop training. if they take a break or don’t train often enough they will lose fitness.

Question 7

what is overload?

Answer 7

fitness can only be improved by training more than you normally do. You must work hard.

Question 8

from bottom to top what is the order of the participation pyramid.

Answer 8

foundation- p.e and recreational sports
participation- sports clubs and leisure centres
performance- local and regional coaching and training, competitions, sports clubs and interclub leagues.
elite- Olympics, Paralympics and commonwealth games( world, European and commonwealth championships) and international competitions.

Question 9

what hormone is realised that makes your body feel good during exercise.

Answer 9

serotonin

Question 10

what is FITT?

Answer 10

frequency- decide how often to train.
intensity- choose how hard to train.
time- decide how long to train for.
type- decide which methods of training to use.

Question 11

what does FITT stand for?

Answer 11

Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type

Question 12

What is speed?

Answer 12

speed id the differential rate at which an individual is able to preform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time or how quickly an individual can move. This helps all games players to move into position or get away from their opponents.

Question 13

what are the physical benefits of sport?

Answer 13

loss of weight
improved posture
improved body shape

Question 14

what are the mental benefits of sport?

Answer 14

improved confidence

relief of stress/tension and stress related illness

Question 15

what are the social benefits of sport?

Answer 15

meeting new people

making new friends

Question 16

what 3 benefits are there to sport?

Answer 16

physical, mental and social

Question 17

what is power?

Answer 17

the ability to use strength at speed. This helps athletes to jump high and throw far quickly.
power= strength x speed

Question 18

what does a warm down remove from your body?

Answer 18

carbon dioxide, lactic acid and other waste products.

Question 19

what does anaerobic exercise improve?

Answer 19

it improves the ability of the muscles to work without enough oxygen when lactic acid is produced.

Question 20

what happens to the body during anaerobic exercise?

Answer 20

anaerobic exercise is performed in short fast bursts where the heart cant supply enough oxygen to the muscles.

Question 21

what happens to the body during aerobic exercise and what does it improve?

Answer 21

In aerobic exercise, which is steady and not too fast, the heart is able to supply enough oxygen to the muscles. Aerobic training improves cardiovascular fitness.

Question 22

what are types of training?

Answer 22

aerobic training interval training
anaerobic training weight training
circuit training
altitude training
continuous training
cross training
fartlek training

Question 23

what is weight training?

Answer 23

Weight training uses weights to provide resistance to the muscles. It improves muscular strength (high weight, low reps), muscular endurance (low weight, high reps, many sets) and power (medium weight and reps performed quickly).

Question 24

what is continuous training?

Answer 24

Continuous training involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. It improves cardio-vascular fitness.

Question 25

what is interval training?

Answer 25

Interval training involves alternating between periods of hard exercise and rest. It improves speed and muscular endurance.

Question 26

what is fartlek training?

Answer 26

Fartlek training or ‘speed play’ training involves varying your speed and the type of terrain over which you run, walk, cycle or ski. It improves aerobic and anaerobic fitness.

Question 27

what is circuit training?

Answer 27

Circuit training involves performing a series of exercises in a special order called a circuit. Each activity takes place at a ‘station’.

Question 28

what is circuit training designed to improve?

Answer 28

It can be designed to improve speed, agility, coordination, balance and muscular endurance.

Question 29

what is altitude training?

Answer 29

Altitude training (AQA only) is aerobic training high above sea level, where oxygen levels are lower. It is used to increase aerobic fitness quickly.

Question 30

what is fitness testing?

Answer 30

it is a way of gaining information about the health related and skill related components of an athletes fitness.

Question 31

what is muscular endurance?

Answer 31

Muscular endurance is the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without becoming tired. It helps sportspeople to sprint or repeat quick actions for longer.

Question 32

what is flexibility?

Answer 32

Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. It helps performers to stretch and reach further.

Question 33

what is cardiovascular fitness?

Answer 33

Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to exercise the whole body for long periods of time and is sometimes called stamina.

Question 34

what is body composition?

Answer 34

Body composition is the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle or bone. It helps sportspeople depending on the type of sport they play, eg heavy rugby players are more effective in the scrum than lightweight players, but light long distance runners will always beat heavyweights.

Question 35

what is muscular strength?

Answer 35

Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. It helps sportspeople to hit, tackle and throw.

Question 36

what is reaction time?

Answer 36

Reaction time - the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement. This helps swimmers to make a fast start.

Question 37

what is coordination

Answer 37

Co-ordination - the ability to use two or more body parts together. This helps all athletes to move smoothly and quickly especially when also having to control a ball.

Question 38

what is balance?

Answer 38

Balance - the ability to retain the centre of mass above the base of support when stationary (static balance) or moving (dynamic balance). This helps gymnasts maintain their position and prevents games players from falling over at speed.

Question 39

what is agility?

Answer 39

Agility - the ability to change the position of the body quickly and with control. This helps team players dodge their opponents.

Question 40

what does SMART stand for?

Answer 40

specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound

Question 41

what are the health and skill components of fitness?

Answer 41

agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed

Question 42

what is deeper breathing known as?

Answer 42

tidal volume

Question 43

what personal qualities will you develop by being in a sports club?

Answer 43

cooperation- working with others.
competition- testing yourself against others.
physical challenge- testing yourself against the environment or your best performances.
aesthetic appreciation- recognizing quality of movement in a performance.

Question 44

what is meant by principles of individual differences?

Answer 44

The Principle of Individual Differences is a principle that states that, because everyone is unique, each person experiences a different response to an exercise program. Some of these differences may be related to body size and shape, genetics, past experience, chronic conditions, injuries and gender. For example, some people need longer recovery time than others.

Question 45

what are the influences on taking part in physical activity?

Answer 45

1)people- people tend to choose the same activities as their friends, or members of their family.
2)image- fashion, many activities require the ‘right’ equipment. for example football requires boots, which are expensive, if their in fashion, as if famous people wear them, they become popular, as the media coverage.
3)cultural factors- disability, people who have disabilities find it hard to take part in physical activities.
age, this can have an impact of playing sports as younger people are normally fitter then older people, who tend to have more health problems.
gender, some physical activities are more or less exclusive then others, as its harder to find a girls football team, than it is to find a boys football team.
race, taking up a sport or activity may be influenced by ethnic background. racial abuse can happen within a sport.
4)resources- availability, there must be facilities available.
location, participation in a sport depends on what is locally available. some places might not have any facilities for activities.
access, facilities need to be easily accessed, if you can bike or walk there or get public transport.
time, facilities need to be available at the right time, as people go to work and school.
5)health and wellbeing- people might not be able to take part in sports if they have health problems.
6) socio-economic- cost, most activities cost money to take part in, so the people who are unemployed cant take part in these activities. however there is running, which costs less, even though running equipment can cost a lot of money.

Question 46

what is needed for a healthy diet?

Answer 46

carbohydrates, fats, protein, water and fibre, vitamins and minerals.