Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pan2 > PPT 7 - Adaptions to Anaerobic Programs (Ch5) > Flashcards

PPT 7 - Adaptions to Anaerobic Programs (Ch5) Flashcards

1
Q

What is anaerobic training?

A

is characterized by high-intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anaerobic training modalities include…

A 
resistance training,
plyometric (drills) training,
speed training,
agility training, &
interval training.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does motor cortex activity increase?

A
  • the level of force developed increases.

- new exercises or movements are being learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

During anaerobic training,

many neural changes take place along the ________________________ tracts.

A

descending corticospinal tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which motor units can untrained individuals NOT recruit more than the other?

A

Cant recruit fast twitch more than slow twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gains in maximal strength & power of agonist muscles are generally associated with:

A

an increase in recruitment,
an increased rate of firing,
greater synchronization of neural discharge, or
a combination of all these factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Henneman’s Size Principle

A

is a rule describing the orderly recruitment & decruitment of motor units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type I or Type II: Which have smaller diameter?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type I or Type II: Which has higher recuitment thresholds?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type I or Type II: Which has lower recruitment thresholds?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type I or Type II: Which has higher input resistance?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type I or Type II: Which is less excitable?

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type I or Type II: Which are typically recruited first?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In what example will high-threshold motor units be selectively recruited to rapidly achieve more force and power.

A

Explosive, ballistic contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to muscle fibers with heavy resistance training?

A

all muscle fibers get larger because motor units are recruited in a sequential order by their size to produce high levels of force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advanced lifters vs. muscle fibers

A

the CNS might adapt by allowing these well-trained athletes to recruit some motor units in a nonconsecutive order, by recruiting larger ones first to promote greater production of power or speed in a movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anaerobic training enhances the __________ response.

A

reflex (thereby enhancing the magnitude and rate of force development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do dramatic increases in neural adaptations tape place during training program?

A

early on in the program (6-10 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypertrophy vs. EMG

A

The onset of muscle hypertrophy

Is associated with a decline in EMG activity.

20
Q

Higher post-training EMG activity has been observed in the training programs designed to improve…….

A

musuclar power

21
Q

Cross-Education

A

training 1 limb can result in an increase in strength & neural activity in the untrained limb.
greater EMG activity in the untrained limb.

22
Q

Bilateral Deficit

A

force produced by both limbs contracting

23
Q

Skeletal muscle adapts to anaerobic training primarily by…

A
  • by increasing its size,
  • facilitating fiber type transitions, &
  • enhancing its biochemical & ultrastructural components.
24
Q

What causes muscle hypertrophy?

A

is primarily due to an increase in the CSA of the existing fibers.

25
Q

Process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in the:

A
  • net accretion of the contractile proteins actin & myosin within the myofibril.
  • number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber.
  • synthesis of structural proteins such as titin & nebulin.
26
Q

Proteins responsive to mechanical deformation of muscle include (3)..

A

Protein kinase B (Akt) / mTOR pathway,
Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, &
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway

27
Q

Muscular growth training stimulus (mechanical/metabolic factors)

A

Mechanical factors:
heavy loads, eccentric muscle actions, & low to moderate training volumes.
Metabolic factors:
low- to moderate-intensity or moderately high-intensity training, high volumes, & short rest intervals.

28
Q

Acute anabolic hormone responses. Which hormones?

A

Testosterone, Growth Hormone

29
Q

Downregulation of inhibitory growth factors. Which hormone?

A

Myostatin

30
Q

Upregulation of stimulatory growth factors. Whcih?

A

IGF-1

31
Q

Protein synthesis elevates after (acute/chronic) resistance exercise?

A

acute

32
Q

Magnitude of protein synthesis depends on?

A

carbohydrate & protein intake.
timing of nutrient intake.
mechanical stress of the weight training workout.
muscle cell hydration levels.
anabolic hormonal response.
subsequent receptor response to hormones.

33
Q

Resistance training increases both Type I and Type II muscle fiber areas. Which does it increase more?

A

Type II

34
Q

Training & activation of high-threshold motor units results in the transition of Type ____ muscle fibers to Type ____ muscle fibers.

What does this mean?

A

IIx to IIa

this means that a shift of the type of myosin ATPase & heavy chains takes place during training.

35
Q

High-intensity resistance exercise training results in a decrease in Type _____

A

IIx

36
Q

Resistance training has been shown to (increase/decrease) the angle of pennation in pennate muscle.

A

increase

37
Q

The combination of resistance, sprint, & jump training has been shown to:

A

increase fascicle length in rectus femoris muscle.

38
Q

Sprint & jump training have been shown to:

A

increase fascicle length in vastus lateralis muscle

39
Q

Sprint training has been shown to enhance __________ release.

A

calcium

40
Q

Heavy resistance training has been shown to reduce….

A

mitochondrial density.

41
Q

Resistance training has been shown to:
(increase/decrease) capillary density, (increase/decrease) resting CP & ATP concentrations, (increase/decrease) glycogen content.

A

decrease, increase, increase

42
Q

does high-intensity interval training increase or decrease buffering capacity?

A

increases the acid-base balance.

43
Q

How can athletes stimulate bone formation?

A

Select MJ structural exercises that involve many muscle groups at once.

Select exercises that direct axial force vectors through the spine & hip.

Use the principle of progressive overload to stress the musculoskeletal system.

Use both heavy-load exercises & ballistic or high-impact exercises to expose the bone to different intensities of force.

Vary the exercise selection to change the distribution of force insults & to present a unique stimulus for new bone formation.

44
Q

How Can Athletes Stimulate Adaptationsin Tendons, Ligaments, & Fascia?

A

High-intensity exercises (loads) should be used because they markedly change the collagen content of connective tissue.

Forces should be exerted throughout the full ROM of a joint.

MJ exercises should be used whenever possible.

45
Q

Deschenes et al. (1993) study

A

Total area of rat, soleus NMJ: increased by both HIT & LIT
Dispersed, irregular-shaped synapses: HIT > LIT
Total length of nerve terminal branching: HIT > LIT
Average length per branch: HIT > LIT
Number of secondary (finer) branches): HIT > LIT

resistance exercise training significantly increased:
endplate perimeter length,
endplate area, &
the dispersion of ACh receptors within the endplate region.

46
Q

How can athletes stimulate adaptions in cartilage?

A

Moderate-intensity anaerobic exercise seems adequate for increasing cartilage thickness.
Strenuous exercise does not appear to cause degenerative joint disease when progressively overloaded appropriately.
Adopt a variety of exercise modalities & ensure that the load is applied throughout the ROM to maintain tissue viability.

pan2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions