Pragmatics

Question 1

What is pragmatics?

Answer 1

What a speaker implies and a listener infers based on contributing factors like the situational context

Question 2

Back-channelling

Answer 2

A feature of speaker support: non-verbal utterances to show attention or agreement “mhm, yh,okok”

Question 3

Fixed expressions

Answer 3

A conventional and routine expression in colloquial communication, sometimes metaphorical “at the end of the day”

Question 4

Temporal deixis

Answer 4

When something happens in relation to a speaker.g. “now,then,today”

Question 5

Spatial Deixis

Answer 5

Where something happens in relation to a speaker

Question 6

Proximal and distal

Answer 6

Distal is far in relation to the speaker, “, those, there”. Proximal is close in relation to the speaker “this ,here”

Question 7

Fillers

Answer 7

Non-verbal sounds that can act as pauses in speech, either naturally or to give the speaker thinking time. May signal speaker uncertainty

Question 8

Hedging

Answer 8

A strategy used to avoid directness or to minimise a potentially face-threatening act. Also commonly undertaken using a range of epistemically modal forms

Question 9

When a speaker begins to speak,pauses then recommences

Answer 9

When a speaker begins to speak, pauses then restarts

Question 10

Non-fluency features

Answer 10

voice fillers; pauses; mispronunciations