PRE LAB 1.1 CELL COMPONENTS

Question 1

Unique cell components of bacteria

Answer 1

• prokaryotes
  -lack enclosed membrane containing DNA (nucleoid)
  -no lysosome
  -sphere and spiral shape
  -plasmid (ring of ds DNA

Question 2

Unique cell components of plant cell

Answer 2

-plastid (storage sya and under nya is chloroplast)
-chloroplast
-large central vacoule
-plasmodesmata
-rigid cell wall
-autotroph (self-sufficient)

Question 3

Unique components of animal cell

Answer 3

->lysosome - digestive enzymes that liquify foreign bodies
->no cell wall
->centrosome (area of the cytoplasm from which centrioles are located; formation of spindle apparatus; cell division)
->centrioles (barrel-shaped, bundles microtubules)
->smaller vacuole

Question 4

Bacteria and Plant cell similarities

Answer 4

-cell wall
- capsule
- no centrioles
-photosynthetic (some)

Question 5

Bacteria and animal cell

Answer 5

-heterotrophs (some)
-cilia (locomotion)
flagella

Question 6

Animal and Plant cell

Answer 6

-eukaryotic
-mitochondria
-nucleus
- membrane bound organelles

Question 7

Similarities of plant, animal, and bacterial cell

Answer 7

-genetic material (DNA and RNA
- Cytoplasm
-Ribosome
- Cell membrane

Question 8

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Nucleolus

Answer 8

site of ribosome synthesis

Question 9

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Nucleus

Answer 9

contains genes and gentic material– chromatin

Question 10

ribosomes

Answer 10

site of protein sysnthesis

Question 11

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Vesicles

Answer 11

transport of materials for cell survival and recycling waste materials through exocytosis or endocytosis

Question 12

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] rough ER

Answer 12

-has ribosomes
-protein form ER will be carried by golgi apparatus

Question 13

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

• storing and packaging lipids, and proteins from ER (courier system)
  -distribute, export, and synthesize protein and lipids

Question 14

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

helps the cell maintain its shape;
mechanical support

Question 15

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Smooth ER

Answer 15

lipid synthesis, drug metabolism

Question 16

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Mitochonndria

Answer 16

releases ATP (site of CR, kreb, and oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 17

[ANIMAL AND PLANT] Vacuole

Answer 17

handles waste products; specialized lysosomes

Question 18

[ALL] Cytosol

Answer 18

fluid substance in cytoplasm

Question 19

[ALL] Cell membrane

Answer 19

separate the cell from the outside
lipid bilayer

Question 20

Vacoule sa plant cell

Answer 20

-store water, nutrients, waste products

Question 21

[PLANT] Chloroplasts

Answer 21

• convert light energy to chemical energy

Question 22

[PLANT] Plastids function

Answer 22

double membrane organelle differes in pigments

Question 23

Types of pigments

Answer 23

-chloroplasts -green
-chromoplasts have different colors
-carotenoids
carotene - yellow to orange
xanthophylls - yellow
lycopene- red

Question 24

do photosynethetic bacteria have chloroplasts?

Answer 24

-bacterial cells lack chloroplasts but some photoautotrophic bacteria conduct photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll embedded in their membranes

Question 25

Cell wall materials among varied organisms

Answer 25

plant - cellulose
fungi - chitin
bacteria- peptidoglycan

Question 26

[PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL] Nuclear envelope

Answer 26

structural support for the nucleus

Question 27

Differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative

Answer 27

Gram-positive- thick cell wall, purplish/bluish
Gram-negative- thin cell wall, pinkish/reddish

Question 28

[BACTERIA] Capsule

Answer 28

-prevents dessication
-protects from being engulfed
-causes disease

Question 29

[BACTERIA] Nucleoid

Answer 29

-region where genetic material are seen

Question 30

[BACTERIA] Plasmid

Answer 30

• antibiotic resistance
• extra chromosomal DNA
  -replicate independently
• genetic transfer takes place

Question 31

What is the cell division in prokaryotes

Answer 31

binary fission

Question 32

[ANIMAL AND BACTERIA] Flagella

Answer 32

locomotion
ex. sperm cell

Question 33

Why do Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells stain differently?

Answer 33

Gram-positive- more peptidoglycan
Gram-negative- more lipid

-they take up crystal violet dye
-but the solvent, alcohol dissolves the lipid layer causing the gram - to lose the primary stain