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nutrition through the lifespan > pregnancy > Flashcards

pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what weeks are T1

A

conecption/one till 12/13

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2
Q

what weeks are T2

A

14 till 27

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3
Q

what weeks are T3

A

28 till 40

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4
Q

name function of the placenta

A

key endocrine organ (hormones)
suppplies nutrients and O2
removes waste products
acts as physical barrier

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5
Q

name the stages of T1

A

the blastogenetic stage
the embryonic stage
the foetal stage

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6
Q

what weeks are the blastogenesis stage

A

1-2

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7
Q

what weeks are the embronic stage

A

2-8

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8
Q

what weeks are the foetal stage

A

8+

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9
Q

what is the average weight increase during T2

A

25-875g

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10
Q

when does the foetal become viable

A

after T2

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11
Q

what T does the baby quadruple in weight

A

T3

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12
Q

what happens during T3

A

stores of fat and other nutrients developed
maturation of organs

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13
Q

how much extra energy is required during T3

A

200kcal

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14
Q

name some metabolic and physical changes that occur during pregnancy

A

25-30% blood increase
increased oestrogen and progesterone
heart burn increased
urinary output increased

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15
Q

name the benefits of exercise during labor

A

weight bearing - decrease length of labour
makes foetal stress less frequent
more likely to continue exercise after birth

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16
Q

what is the average pregnancy weight gain

A

12kgs

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17
Q

name the benefits of desirable weight gain

A

optimizes maternal survival
reduces complications in labour
gives the greatest foetal growth

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18
Q

how much weight gain comes from the foetus

A

3300-3500g

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19
Q

how much weight comes from the placenta

A

650g

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20
Q

what is the average total weight gain during pregnancy

A

11500-13500g

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21
Q

why is extra energy required

A

increased mass of uterus
formation of feotus
expanded blood volume
additional cost of locomotion

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22
Q

why is protein required

A

growth of the foetus and maternal tissues

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23
Q

why does a foetus need amino acids

A

processes of protein synthesis, carbon accretion, oxidative metabolism and biosynthesis

24
Q

what is the RNI for protein

A

0.75g per kg of body weight per day

25
Q

what are the best source of LCPUFAs

A

oily fish, eggs, meat

26
Q

what should you limit oily fish to

A

2 a week

27
Q

what seafood should you avoid

A

shark, swordfish and marlin

28
Q

what vitamins are required in extra

A

A, B2 (riboflavin), Folate, C and B1 (thiamine)

29
Q

ho much more vit A is required

A

100ug a day

30
Q

how much extra riboflavin/B2 is required

A

300ug daily

31
Q

how much extra folate is required

A

100ug daily

32
Q

how much extra vit C is required

A

10mg a daily (only T3)

33
Q

how much extra thiamine/vit B1 is required

A

100ug daily (only T3)

34
Q

what is vit A required for

A

growth and maintenance

35
Q

what is vit D used for

A

prevention of rickets

36
Q

what is an adversion

A

disgust to the smell or taste of a food/drink

37
Q

common early adversions

A

tea, coffee, alcohol, fried foods

38
Q

common late adversions

A

sweet foods

39
Q

what is PICA

A

desire for substances not fit for food

40
Q

how many woman experience nausea and vomiting

A

60-80%

41
Q

what causes morning sickness

A

increase in oestrogen and progesterone

42
Q

recommendations to help morning sickness

A

eat plain crackers when you first wake up
small frequent meals rich in CHO
ginger tea
keep hydrated
avoid tea/coffee

43
Q

what is hyperemesis gravidarium

A

persistent vomiting before the 20th week of gestation

44
Q

what T does heart burn commonly occur

A

3rd

45
Q

how is heartburn caused

A

abdorminal pressure caused by enlarged uterus

46
Q

recommendations for heart burn

A

small frequent meals, eat slowly, milk and yohurt, avoid lying 1-2 hours after eating

47
Q

what causes constipation and haemorrhoids

A

progesterone slows peristalic action of smooth muscle in bowel
enlarging uterus displaces internal organs

48
Q

reccomendations for constipation and haemorrhoids

A

increase fluid intake
high fibre diet
increased physical activity

49
Q

what is pre-eclampsia

A

hypertension and oedema

50
Q

what are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A

<20 or >40
high BMI
family history

51
Q

what is the only cure of pre-eclampsia

A

early delivery or C section

52
Q

what is gestational diabetes mellitus

A

a type of diabetes developed during pregnancy in woman that have never had diabetes before

53
Q

what is the treatment for gestational diabetes

A

low sugar, high fibre diet
insulin sometimes required

54
Q

what are the risks of smoking

A

increased chance of miscarriage and still birth
poor growth and low birth weight
premature delivery
decreases O2 to baby
increases heart rate of baby

55
Q

alcohol during pregnancy may result in what

A

spontaneous abortion
CNS impairment
birth defects

56
Q

what is caffeine a risk factor for

A

miscarriage

57
Q

what is reccomended max intake

A

200mg/day (roughly 2 mugs)

nutrition through the lifespan (10 decks)

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