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AB 3rd Year Repro > Pregnancy, Labour and Puerpium > Flashcards

Pregnancy, Labour and Puerpium Flashcards

1
Q

what does progesterone do in labour?

A

keeps the uterus settled

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2
Q

what does oestrogen do in labour?

A

makes the uterus contract by increasing prostaglandins

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3
Q

what hormone initiates and sustains contractions?

A

oxytoxin

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4
Q

what are the two parts of the first stage of labour?

A

latent

active

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5
Q

what happens to the cervix in latent stage of labour?

A

softens
shortens
dilates to 4cm

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6
Q

what happens to the cervix in active stage of labour?

A

4cm to full dilation

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7
Q

what are the features of the latent stage of labour?

A

mild irregular uterine contractions

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8
Q

how long does the latent stage of labour usually last?

A

few days

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9
Q

what are features of the active stage of labour?

A

contractions are 3/4 times every 10 mins

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10
Q

what happens to the fetus in active labour?

A

descent

flexion

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11
Q

what happens to the cervix in the second stage of labour/

A

dilates to 10cm

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12
Q

what happens in the second stage of labour?

A

delivery of baby

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13
Q

in nulliparous women, when is delivery prolonged?

A

> 3hrs with anaesthetic

>2hrs without

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14
Q

in multiparous women, when is delivery prolonged?

A

> 2hrs with anaesthetic

>1hr without

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15
Q

what happens in third stage of labour?

A

delivery to expulsion of placenta and fetal membranes

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16
Q

how long does third stage labour usually last?

A

10mins

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17
Q

what are options of active management of third stage labour?

A

syntometerine
oxytocin
controlled cord traction
cord clamping and cutting

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18
Q

what is puerpium? how long does it last?

A

repair and recovery to a non pregnant state

6 wks

19
Q

when can braxton hicks happen?

A

2nd/3rd trimester

20
Q

features of braxton hicks?

A

irregular
resolve on moving
relatively painless

21
Q

features of contractions?

A

evenly spaced
time between gets shorter
wave of pain
hard abdo

22
Q

where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

ampulla of fallopian tube

23
Q

what are the two sides of the blastocyst called? which side is mums side?

A

cytotrophoblast

synctiotrophoblast (mums)

24
Q

when have trophoblast cells of the blastocyst burrowed by?

A

day 12

25
Q

what side of the blastocyst forms the placenta?

A

synctiotrophoblast (mums)

26
Q

when is the placenta functional by?

A

week 5

27
Q

how does the placenta gain its blood supply?

A

synctiotrophoblast invaded endometrium
lacunae fill with maternal blood
fuse to form blood supply

28
Q

what produces HCG? when does this start?

A

trophoblast cells

day 8

29
Q

before the placenta forms, what provides nutrition to embryo?

A

decidual cells (of the endometrium)

30
Q

how does O2/CO2 get to and from baby?

A

O2 - umbilical vein (mum to baby)

CO2 - endometrial vein (baby to mum)

31
Q

what allows fetus to gain more O2?

A

fetal Hb can carry more O2
higher Hb in fetus
bohr effect (more O2 in decreased pO2)

32
Q

what does HCG do?

A

stop degeneration of CL

33
Q

when is HPL produced?

A

week 5

34
Q

what does HPL do?

A

growth hormone
decreases mums insulin sensitivity
helps breasts develop

35
Q

what does progesterone do to the blood?

A

decreases CO2, increased O2

36
Q

what effect does decreased CO2 have on mum?

A

increased RR
decreased pCO2
increased TV

37
Q

what CVS changes happen during pregnancy?

A

increased CO
increased HR
BP can drop in 2nd trim (returns to normal by 3rd)

38
Q

in the blood, what changes can occur during pregnancy?

A

decreased CO2
decreased Hb
increased PV

39
Q

what renal changes can occur?

A

increased GFR

increased renal plasma flow

40
Q

why is Hb low in pregnancy?

A

due to dilution

erythropoeisis is infact increased

41
Q

what happens to hepatic blood flow during pregnancy?

A

doesn’t change
ALP raised
albumin decreased

42
Q

how does blastocyst embed?

A

synctiotrophoblast sends out finger like projections to embed into the endometrium

43
Q

when has blastocyst formed by? when does it implant?

A

day 4

day 5

44
Q

what hormones does the placenta secrete?

A

oestrogen
progesterone
HCG
HPL

AB 3rd Year Repro (27 decks)

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