Prejudice

Question 1

Definition of stereotype

Answer 1

Generalised beliefs about characteristics concerning another group and it does not necessarily have to be negative

Question 2

Definition of prejudice

Answer 2

Dislike based on faulty and inflexible generalisations based on group memberships or entire groups

Question 3

Definition of discrimination

Answer 3

Describes ppls actions and discriminatory behaviour. Treating people differently based on their membership of the group.

Question 4

Martin luther king said…

Answer 4

We should judge people by their character and not their skin tone

Question 5

What is automatic processing

Answer 5

Is when we store immediate categories in mental clouds with other things that fit the same category. Usually in terms of attitude and stereotypes.

Question 6

What are the problems of accessing the mental cloud

Answer 6

1. Implicit bias
~not aware of own bias
~unable to report
2. Explicit bias
~aware of own bias
~ not willing to report (usually due to being recorded)

Question 7

Where do stereotypes come from and how do we learn them

Answer 7

The sources: social learning, cognitive bias, motivational factors
We learn them very Early through childhood
Instance stereotypes: learnt first hand
Abstraction based stereotypes: learnt third hand

Question 8

Dual process model by Devine

Answer 8

Everyone always Automatically activates stereotypes.

1. Power of childhood socialisation
2. Differences in prejudiced people
3. Components of stereotyping

Question 9

Evaluating Donald (Devine, 1989)

Answer 9

Task 1: parafoveal priming. Things appear outside of screen. Word flashes related to African American stereotypes.
Task 2: evaluate Donald who is being ambiguously hostile.
Results: participants rated Donald more hostile in the 80% high p condition (because 80% words were stereotypes).

Suggests that high and low p people are the same because low p and high p were unaware of the stereotypical bias

Question 10

What do Gilbert and hixon suggest

Answer 10

There is a fundamental difference between person decoding and reading

Stereotypes will be deployed when they can and when they might be useful
Study: if card turner was Asian and ppts were not busy they were more likely to stereotype. When resources are unavailable then categorical knowledge can not be accessed (why we don’t see the effect in the busy condition)

Question 11

Fazio et al

Answer 11

3 types of people

1. No automatic neg reaction
2. Automatic neg reaction and have no qualms about expressing those feelings (high p)
3. Those who have an automatic neg reaction but want to suppress or conceal this reaction

Question 12

Macrae 1997 lexical decision task

Answer 12

On a computer screen you see a person or a car with a white dot
Then word appears word or non word (stereotypical gender words)
-animacy
-dot
-detection
Found that processing goals can moderate stereotype activation
Stereotypes activation only in animacy task

Question 13

Wittenbrink er al. (2001)

Answer 13

At a street corner or inside a church

African american stereotype activation

Question 14

Shooter bias

Answer 14

-black Americans are 2.5x more likely to be shot and killed
-Unarmed black Americans 5x more likely to be shot and killed
Shoot don’t shoot task
Shoot don’t shoot hijab/turban effect

Question 15

Criminal sentencing; looking death worthy

Answer 15

If you look “typically” African American — harsher sentencing decisions

Question 16

Stereotype threat

Answer 16

Situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group
Steele (1997)
When ppl feel they might be judged in terms of a negative stereotype or that they might do something that confirms a stereotype