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EN1102 > Preliminary > Flashcards

Preliminary Flashcards

0
Q

It is like mining for precious minerals that gives the digger tremendous fulfillment with the discovery of a rich lode of gold or diamond.

A

Writing

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1
Q

It is not only expressing oneself but also exploring and discovering the world of ideas.

A

Writing

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2
Q

In an increasingly globalized world, writing skills are tremendously important to get to where you want to go- to attain success in a professional field, to get better on-the-job perks or benefits, or to conduct business in the limitless information highway. To attain your goals, you need to have–

A

Effective writing skills

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3
Q

It is a form of communication.

A

Writing

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4
Q

It is putting words together to present your thoughts to your reader.

A

Writing

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5
Q

While you do the same when you talk or speak, this is a little different in that you have a longer time to think out your ideas. Thus, it is a more deliberate form of communicating.

A

Writing

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6
Q

It is also more precise because you can string your words together more carefully to get your desired effect

A

Writing

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7
Q

How to write effectively:

A
  1. Five components interact in the writing process
  2. Identify the needs of the reader
  3. Recognize the purpose of your writing
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8
Q

Five components interact in the writing process

A 
Writer
Reader
Topic
Message
Written language/Means
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9
Q

Three main objectives/purpose in writing:

A

To inform
To persuade
To entertain

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10
Q

It is not a single act. It is a process which composed of several steps

A

Writing

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11
Q

Speech vs Writing

A

Different approach:

Speech (Facial Expression, Body Language, Correct at once, Supramentals)

Writer (Careful, Need to be exact, intangible, punctuation marks count)

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12
Q

Three different writers:

A

Flexible and adjusted (Wedding speech writer)
Adventurous (sky writer)
Ghost writer (Mysterious)

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13
Q

Heart of the written language

A

Punctuation marks

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14
Q

The most creative stage of writing

A

Prewriting

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15
Q

As one writer puts it, this of the stage where you write in “white heat” (composing) and then revise in “cold blood”

A

Prewriting

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16
Q

Prewriting techniques

A 
Freewriting
Brainstorming
Clustering
Branching
Idea Mapping
Journal Keeping
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17
Q

It is a prewriting technique where you write all the ideas that come to your mind within a given time, even if they may not be properly sequenced.

A

Freewriting

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18
Q

Motivation of Freewriting

A

“I think first”

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19
Q

They initially look like scribbles or doodles.

A

Freewriting

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20
Q

This is best done working with a group who give individuals ideas about the subject matter.

A

Brainstorming

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21
Q

The ideas that the group contribute may spark your own creativity so that you can write about the topic in a more cogent manner

A

Brainstorming

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22
Q

If you don’t want to work with a group, you can do this alone by just listing all ideas that come to mind. You can decide later whether an idea is of use or not to what you intend to write.

A

Brainstorming

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23
Q

Prewriting technique that works to generate ideas for a paper

A

Clustering

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24
Q

To connect the ideas that you would like to write about a topic, begin by writing a general idea in the middle of the page and circling it

A

Clustering

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25
Q

As you think of related ideas or details, write them down and circle each one. Next, draw lines to connect the new ideas to the ones from which they came from. Repeat the process until you are satisfied that you have covered the subject. You will get a number of clustered ideas that you can eventually use to write about the topic. The clusters will also give you the time to analyze which ideas have the most promise for use in the actual writing later.

A

Clustering

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26
Q

Connects related ideas by listing the main topic in the left side of your paper and then enumerating the ideas to the right of it, next you connect them with lines. The ideas that you have written may branch out into other ideas that you can underline later when they show promise for inclusion in the final paper that you wish to write about.

A

Branching

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27
Q

In this technique, you use both your writing and your creative abilities when you draw or sketch icons, symbols, or scribbles to prewrite on a topic.

A

Idea mapping

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28
Q

Explorers, naturalists, scientists, and those who need to make a record of their observations often keep this. This may deal about familiar things or explore new thinking and new ideas.

A

Journal keeping

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29
Q

When you keep this, you hone your skills in writing because you write as if you were just talking and thinking the way you do every day on your way to school or somewhere else.

A

Journal keeping

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30
Q

Sets you on the path to writing because the process helps you generate ideas.

A

Prewriting

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31
Q

It is a series of sentences that are strung together to contribute to one main idea.

A

Paragraph

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32
Q

They may vary in length, depending on what are you trying to emphasize. They may be 5-10 sentences long.

A

Paragraph

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33
Q

The secret to a good paragraph so don’t make it too long so that your readers will be turned off from reading your written work.

A

Readability

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34
Q

Linking verbs

A

Be verb and five senses

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35
Q

Greek word of paragraph

A

Para- behind or beside

Graphein- to write

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36
Q

Beginner

A

Topic sentence is at the beginning

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37
Q

Professional

A

Topic sentence is at the end

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38
Q

Five types of Topic sentence:

A 
Beginning
End
Middle
Repetition (to show emphasis)
Implied (Sandwiched main ideas)
39
Q

The writing process:

A 
Writing draft
Focusing a topic
The topic sentence
Develop Support sentences
Arrange idea
Composing a complete draft
40
Q

General characteristics of Academic Writing:

A

State your main point
Show a logic and clear organization
Make sure it is fair to other points of view
Accurately give the citation
Make sure it is using Standard American English

41
Q

You think about something

A

State your position

42
Q

Explain the process of main point and describe overall structure.

A

Essay

43
Q

Say focus of point you’re making and prove it is right briefly

A

Thesis Statement

44
Q

Support thesis and develop main points

A

Supporting evidence/ Body

45
Q

Leave the reader a fresh perspective/scent of the topic

A

Conclusion

46
Q

Provide transition sentences

A

Show a logic and clear organization

47
Q

Connect the idea from one paragraph to the next paragraph

A

Transition sentences

48
Q

2 ways of citation

A

Quotations

Paraphraser

49
Q

Take someone’s words exactly the way it is with quotation marks and the person who cited it

A

Quotations

50
Q

Put another writer’s word in your own words also with the source and who cited it

A

Paraphraser

51
Q

Types of readers

A

Advanced
Average
Mediocre

52
Q

They may be discerning and expect higher standards from you.

A

Advanced readers

53
Q

They may know a little about a number of subjects but you will still have to provide vast amounts of information for then to understand through subject you are writing about.

A

Average readers

54
Q

They may not know so much about the topic that they will need a great deal of explanation and information about the topic being discussed.

A

Mediocre readers

55
Q

One of the most difficult parts of writing because you have to go back to your prewriting techniques to determine what aspect of a particular subject you want to write about.

A

Focusing a topic

56
Q

They may be drawn from your prewriting ideas

A

Support or detail sentences

57
Q

It puts together your topic sentence and the detail or support sentences that you have identified to explain your topic.

A

Draft

58
Q

Rule of thumb when writing a draft:

A

To write in cold heat and to revise in white heat

59
Q

It is a process that improves with practice.

A

Writing

60
Q

It is the first draft that you revise, refine or polish through reading, editing, rereading and reediting.

A

Beginning of writing

61
Q

Revising involves three steps:

A

Reassessing
Redrafting
Editing

62
Q

It is the step where you check for unity, coherence and effective language.

A

Reassessing

63
Q

You also ask the feedback of an objective reader to what you have written.

A

Reassessing

64
Q

It means writing to eliminate the problem spots and add more materials to complete gaps in your writing.

A

Redrafting

65
Q

This may take more than once to attain the results that you want.

A

Redrafting

66
Q

It means proofreading your final draft to check remaining language errors.

A

Editing

67
Q

Redrafting:

A

Add
Improve
Delete

68
Q

When you have written something, you set it down for a while to let your ideas jell. Then, you pick your composition again to find out what parts of your written work need improving. Repeat this for until you find unity, coherence and effective language

A

Reassessing

69
Q

A piece of writing is said to have unity when all the examples and details relate directly to the main idea. When you review your written work, remove all ideas that are not related or relevant to your topic.

A

Maintaining unity

70
Q

Paragraphs must communicate their ideas clearly to the reader. All the sentences comprising the paragraph should be arranged in a logical order and connects so that ideas flow smoothly.

A

Striving for coherence

71
Q

What holds the paragraph together

A

Coherence

72
Q

To give your paragraphs coherence:

A
  1. Repeat key words and phrases
  2. Substitute synonyms
  3. Use transitions
73
Q

To show cause and effect:

A 
Accordingly
After all
As a result
Because
Consequently
For example
For instance
For one thing
Indeed
In fact
Of course
Overall
Particularly
Specifically
Therefore
Thus
So
74
Q

To illustrate addition, restatement, or emphasis:

A 
Again
Also
And
Besides
Finally
First (second, etc.)
Further
In addition
In conclusion
In other words
Moreover
Next on the whole
Too
To sum up
So
75
Q

To indicate time or place:

A 
Above 
After
As soon as
Before
Below
Beyond
Currently
Earlier
Here
Immediately
Lately
Now
Once
Presently
Since
Soon 
Then 
There
To the left/right
Until when
Wherever
Where
Under
76
Q

To compare or to contrast

A 
Although
And
As
Both (neither)
But
Despite 
Even though
However
In contrast
In spite of
In the same way
Likewise
Nevertheless
On the other hand
Regardless
Similarly
Still
Though
Whereas
Yet
77
Q

Another way of ensuring coherence is the

A

organization of sentences or order of ideas

78
Q

The three common organization plans:

A

Chronological order
Spatial order
Emphatic order

79
Q

When you write about a sequence of events in the order of occurrence, you use the

A

chronological or time order

80
Q

In a number of cases, you may break off the sequence of the events by inserting an event or a ______ that is out of the sequence to emphasize or to explain a point.

A

Chronological order

Flashback

81
Q

When you need to explain where one subject in relation to others, you use

A

Spatial order

82
Q

This method of arrangement is often used in description to help the reader visualize a condition or a scene. The order may be from top to bottom, left to right, or inside and out

A

Spatial order

83
Q

This means building from less to more important ideas to leave an impact in the reader’s mind.

A

Emphatic order

84
Q

This helps you build and sustain reader interest to a high point.

A

Emphatic order

85
Q

If you want to write well, you must use–

A

Effective language

86
Q

Your choice of words will determine how effectively your ideas will come across for your reader.

A

Writing effectively

87
Q

Means it is brief but clear

A

Concise writing

88
Q

He/she can help you gain feedback on your writing.

A

Objective reader

89
Q

After an objective reader has evaluated your work, your next step is to write a new version.

A

Redrafting

90
Q

On this second version, you will correct the weaknesses that have been noted in the assessment.

A

Redrafting

91
Q

This means proofreading and polishing your draft, going over your spellings and punctuation, consistency of tense subject and verb agreement and other errors in your use of English.

A

Editing

92
Q

Ways to edit:

A

Proofreading or peer correction

93
Q

It will check most of the errors you have committed for you. But don’t rely on it.

A

Word processor

94
Q

Comparison and contrast

A

Middle

95
Q

Repetition

A

Beginning and end

EN1102 (2 decks)

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