prenatal care, parturition and pediatrics

Question 1

gestation and signs of pregnancy: canine

Answer 1

58-65 days
whelping most of the time occurs at 63 days

sings include weight and abdominal enlargement, decrease appetite, mammary gland enlargement, milk production, food consumption increase/ may double during last hald of pregnancy, provide smaller frequent meals

• supplementation is not required if they are fed a good quality diet

Question 2

dystocia

Answer 2

• intense straining, lasts more than 30 min
• weak straining that produces no offspring
• illness in the dam
• discharge bloody, geen, prolonged pregnancy, more than 4 hours between pups
• should seek veterinary attention

Question 3

post partum behaviours adbnormal

Answer 3

eclamsia- abnormal, begin with non-specific signs of restlessness and panting. More specific signs include walking with a stiff gait, which can progress to an inability to walk and tetany. It can result in death if not promptly treated.

retained placenta - green discharge appears more than 48 hours post delivary

mastitis - Inflammation of the mammary glands

Question 4

normal demeanor in puppies/kittens first 2 weeks

Answer 4

neonates should be quite mobile, although they are unable to stand. Standing occurs after 10 days and walking about 3 weeks of age. They are born with their eyes and ears closed (eyes open at 7–14 days and ears open at 14-16 days for both puppies and kittens). The cornea may appear cloudy when eyes first open but will clear by 3–4 weeks of age.

Question 5

requirements for orphan animal

Answer 5

Supply them with colostrum; it is important that they receive this within 16 hours of birth for kittens and within 24 hours of birth for puppies.

Keep in a warm, dry environment, free from draughts.

Feed milk replacer specific for the species (DO NOT use cow’s milk—each species has a particular requirement for protein, fat, and carbohydrate).

Follow a feed schedule specific for the species.

Supply animal companionship for psychological well-being.

Question 6

puppy/kitten fading syndrome

Answer 6

Causes of fading may include:Hypothermia, insufficient colostrum intake, Immune deficiency, Circulatory insufficiency

exhibiting listlessness, poor feeding ability, and poor weight gain, and generally not growing adequately, they may be “fading.” This general weakness will predispose the young to secondary infections and possible death

Question 7

pregnancy abdominal palpation

Answer 7

28-30 days

Question 8

radiology for pregnancy

Answer 8

30 days

Question 9

ultrasound pregancy

Answer 9

after 16 days, 28 is best

Question 10

feline pregancy

Answer 10

63-65 days, increase weight and abdominal enlagrement, mammary development, increase food intake,

Question 11

pregnancy complications

Answer 11

resorption occurs during embryonic stage, abortion expulsion of fetus , stillbirth after 58 days of pregnancy due to infectious agents, trauma, stress

Question 12

pregancy hypoglycemia

Answer 12

low blood glucose that can occur in late pregnancy, which can result in weakness in the dam, and progress to coma if not treated. This is unlikely to occur if the dam is fed a good quality diet.

Question 13

preganancy hypocalcemia

Answer 13

Low plasma calcium levels can result from calcium loss in the milk; thus, this usually occurs in late pregnancy or early lactation and is rare in the cat. The dam will become restless and experience increased salivation, panting, stiff gait, muscle tremors, and pyrexia. It may progress to tachycardia, tetany, and death if not treated.

Question 14

_________ is a major cause of neonatal death

Answer 14

hypothermia