Preparation for Interospection Meeting Flashcards
What is interoception?
perception and processing of signals that concern the internal state of the body such as heart beat, thirst, breathing
What does interoception include?
visceroception (processing and perception of internal signals) as well as proprioception (processing of signals concerning the skin and musculoskeletal apparatus to control body in space) – >still under debate whether to include proprioception
What is interoceptive awareness (IA) - (2)
IA is the ability to identify and access signals from within the body
IA is a sub-concept of interoception
IA and its link with mental health disorders
Interoception is critical for psychological mental health as many psychiatric disorders like depression are often accompanied by a lack of IA
What did I learn in PSY2018 module and what did I do? - (5)
- In the lecture I learned about interoception, its different dimensions and its relation to self and mental health
- Did a six-week embedded intervention within a module of PSY2018: The Body, The Mind the self in which I used the MAIA scale at the beginning as well as end of module
- Used the MAIA scale which consists of 8 scales measuring attention regulation, emotional awareness, self-regulaiton, body listening and trusting
- Since IA is related to emotion control I hypothesised that this will increase
- Within the module we had not only lectures but in-person practical sessions which I practiced a range of mind-body interventions in the session as well as at home
What are the 4 dimensions of interoception? - (4)
- Interoceptive accuracy: how well people recognise their bodily signals usualyl measured behaviourally e.g., heartbeat detection task
- Interoceptive sensibility: Self-perceived tendency to focus on interoceptive selfs e.g., self reports like MAIA
- Interoceptive awareness: combines objective and subjective measures in which measures accuracy of interoceptive states
- Interoceptive emtoional evaluation: interpret bodily sensations occuring in emotional way like how anxious have you been sensing your own heart beats
What are 2 ways to do a heart-beat detection task? - (2)
- Pps focus on heart beat then heard 10 tones each which was triggered by own heart beat and asked whether it went along with heart beat or not
- Another way to do is pps asked to count their heatbeat silently and verbally report at end of coutning phase
What did James Killner’s work on gratings showed? - (4)
- Killner work on interoception as well in which participants sense and differentiate the orientations of gratings is dependent on systole and diastole phases of the cardiac cycle
o Grating task of touching a grating and checking whether its vertical or horizontal
o Manipulated difficulty to gratings’ widths
o Touches initated in systole phase were held for longer periods of time than touches initated in diastole = effect was there when touching most difficult gratings in which its width was long.
Neuroimagningstudies show brain regions involved in interoception which is.. - (4)
- insular cortex,
- anterior cingulate cortex (involved in monitoring and processing interal bodily signals like emotional regulation) ,
- somatosensory cortex (processes tactile sensations and also perception of internal bodily signals)
- prefrontal cortex (responsible for higher order processes)
Interoception study with respiration =must mention! - (7)
- Study also used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) – >limited In field of interoceptive
- shows to inhibit specific locations of the interoceptive network including the right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices and assessed their effects on the different facets of interoceptive
- This study devised a respiratory load task in which manipulate breathing effort by switching on breathing device resulting in vary resistance of exhaling air from lungs (breathing out) and participants asked to maximally exhale without applying too much effort and asked to judge how much effort they took to respire/breath on likert scale
- Participants rated their confidence after each trial
o They found that inhibiting the anterior insula resulted in significant decline in cardiac and respiratory interoceptive accuracy (IAc) and consistent decrease in confidence
o Continuous theta burst over somatosensory reduced cardiac accuracy and affected perception confidence
o Inhbiting right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices increased interoceptive sensibility and reduces their processing of cardiac signals.
What am i currently doing in my visual perceptive course? - (3)
- How specialised modules in ventral visual pathway is important for object recognition e.g., PPA, EBA, FFA
- Specialised regions in brain for processing faces
- Feature-based vs spatial attention.
Is there any studies linking perception with interospection? - (2)
Studies shown that fearful faces more detectable and rated more fearful at systole than diastole and amygdala responses were greater to fearful faces presented at systole relative to diastole.
Studies also shown that event-related potentials towards basic visual stimuli (flashes) are increased when visual stimulus is presented time-locked to the heartbeat (i.e. at diastole)
What is purpose of insula?
perceive and have the awareness about person’s body and their self and gives info of our body’s physiological status allowing us to interpret our own somatic reactions to stimuli
perceive and have the awareness about person’s body and their self and gives info of our body’s physiological status allowing us to interpret our own somatic reactions to stimuli
Why you want to study interoception as a PhD? - (4)
- Captivated that interoception plays a role in perception, emotion regulation and decision processing
- Understanding how our bodies communicate with our brain to influence our thought and behaviour is something I’m very interested in
- Interoception has many applications especially towards mental health
- From a young age, I discovered a profound interest in understanding the connections between mind, body, and emotions through practices such as yoga and meditation. ad with that had first hand insight of important of interoceptive awareness
