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Foundations Exam 3 COPY > Preventive 1 > Flashcards

Preventive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top 3 leading causes of death in the US as of 2016?

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases
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2
Q

Leading cause of death in infants

A

Congenital malformations

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3
Q

Leading cause of death 1 - 4 yrs of age

A

Accidents

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4
Q

Leading cause of death 5 - 14 yrs of age

A

Accidents

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5
Q

Leading cause of death 15 - 19 yrs of age

A

Accidents

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6
Q

Leading cause of death ages 65+ (top 3)

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic LRD
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7
Q

What are the 2 most prevalent diseases for US adults?

A

Obesity/HTN

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8
Q

Leading causes of death for American Indians/Alaska Native (top 3)

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Accidents
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9
Q

Leading cause of death Asians/Pacific Islanders (top 3)

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Heart Disease
  3. Stroke
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10
Q

Leading cause of death in Blacks/African Americans (top 3)

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Stroke
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11
Q

Leading cause of death Hispanic/Latino (top 3)

A
  1. Cancer
  2. Heart Disease
  3. Accidents
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12
Q

Which ethnicity had a much larger gap in self reported numbers?

A

Hispanics/Latinos (10% vs 20%)

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13
Q

Leading cause of death of Whites/non-hispanic (top 3)

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic LRD
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14
Q

Which ethnicity has the lowest % of health insurance?

A

American Indians/Alaska natives

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15
Q

Which ethnicity has the highest % of HTN?

A

Blacks/African Americans

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16
Q

Which ethnicity is said to have fair/poor health?

A

American Indian/Alaska Native

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17
Q

In which 2 ethnicities do much more men smoke compared to women?

A
  1. Asian/Pacific Islander

2. Hispanic Latino

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18
Q

In general, which sex smokes more?

A

Men

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19
Q

Which sex has higher rates of obesity?

A

Women

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20
Q

Which sex has higher rates of HTN?

A

About the same in Men & Women

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21
Q

Which ethnicity has the lowest obesity rates?

A

Asian/Pacific Islander

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22
Q

Between black males & white males, who has a higher death rate?

A

Black males

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23
Q

Between males & females across all races, who has a higher death rate?

A

Males

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24
Q

Leading causes of death in men (top 3)

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Accidents
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25
Q

Which sex has more health care?

A

Females

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26
Q

Do men or women smoke more?

A

Men, but only by like 3%

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27
Q

Leading causes of death in women (top 3)

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic LRD
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28
Q

A medical specialty we focused on.

A

Preventive Medicine

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29
Q

What are the 3 focuses of preventive medicine?

A

Health of:

  • individuals
  • communities
  • defined populations
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30
Q

6 goals of preventive medicine (more like 2)

A
  • Protect/Promote/Maintain health & well being

- Prevent disease, disability, & death

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31
Q

3 components of health (not just absence of disease)

A
  • physical
  • mental
  • social
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32
Q

What impacts health? Which one is most important?

A

-Biologic
-Lifestyle/Behavior
-Medical care
-Social/Economic environment
(Most important: Lifestyle)

33
Q

4 biologic factors affecting health

A
  • genetics
  • sex/gender
  • age
  • immunologic
34
Q

Lifestyle factors which affect health

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • smoking
  • ETOH
35
Q

2 medical care factors affecting health

A
  • access to care

- use of services to prevent/tx

36
Q

Social Determinants of Health (SDH)

A
  • income
  • education
  • environment
  • social support
  • use of services
  • nutrition
37
Q

Definition: condition in which people are born, grow, work, live & age, and the wider set of forces shaping daily life

A

-Social determinants of health

38
Q

Definition: differences in social determinants of health

A

health inequities

39
Q

5 examples of health inequities

A
  • length of life
  • quality of life
  • rates of disease/death
  • severity of disease
  • access to tx
40
Q

Which parts of the US have higher rates of mortality due to SDH?

A
  • South Eastern

- West

41
Q

What 3 issues do people with disabilities run into w/healthcare?

A
  • providers’ skills/facilities are inadequate
  • denied health care
  • treated badly in health care system
42
Q

What amount of people with disabilities cannot afford health care?

A

1/2

43
Q

What 3 things do people need, but do not have access to?

A

glasses, wheelchairs, hearing aids

44
Q

What is a main goal of preventive medicine pertaining to economic environment?

A

health equity

45
Q

What is a major barrier when it comes to preventive medicine at the clinical level?

A

Patients are utilizing preventive services at half the recommended rate

46
Q

Why aren’t patient using preventive services?

A
  • financial burdens
  • lack of access to care
  • unaware/doubt benefits
  • discomfort
  • no motivation to change
  • social/cultural factors
47
Q

Barriers associated w/providers

A
  • reimbursement
  • pt w/multiple physicians
  • bad communication between EMR
  • conflicting recommendations
  • time
  • attitudes towards prevention
48
Q

How can we overcome barriers?

A
  • Make prevention a priority
  • evaluate effectiveness of services
  • motivational interviewing/counseling
  • visits specific for preventive services
49
Q

Traditional medicine focuses on what?

A

Treating & managing disease

50
Q

Preventive medicine focuses on what?

A

Health promotion & prevention of disease

51
Q

What are the levels of prevention?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

52
Q

A flu shot is an example of which level of prevention?

A

Primary

53
Q

Screening tests such as mammograms and PAPs are examples of which level of prevention?

A

Secondary

54
Q

Someone has the disease and we want to limit their risk of getting heart disease. What level of prevention is this?

A

Tertiary

55
Q

What are the 4 components of a wellness exam?

A
  1. Screening
  2. Immunizations
  3. Behavioral Counseling
  4. Chemoprevention
56
Q

Definition: the use of medication to lower the risk or prevent cancer in healthy people.

A

Chemoprevention

57
Q

What 3 things should you be reviewing before a wellness exam?

A
  • Check chart for completed screening
  • Review status of chronic conditions
  • Review social hx
58
Q

What should you note about your pt during a wellness exam?

A
  • Race
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Comorbidities
59
Q

What are the 4 main immunizations for a wellness exam?

A
  • Tdap
  • Flu
  • PNA
  • Herpes Zoster
60
Q

What are the other 6 immunizations to consider for a wellness exam?

A
  • Meningococcal
  • Hep A
  • Hep B
  • Varicella
  • HPV
  • MMR
61
Q

What age do you get Tdap?

A

10yrs +

62
Q

When is it important for women to get Tdap?

A

EVERY pregnancy

63
Q

Which 3 conditions may affect a vaccine schedule? (contraindicated)

A

Pregnancy
Immunocompromised
HIV

64
Q

Behavioral counseling during a wellness exam would include which 5 topics?

A
  • smoking
  • diet
  • alcohol
  • physical activity
  • high risk sexual behaviors
65
Q

What 3 examples of chemoprevention did we discuss?

A
  • ASA (blood clots)
  • Vitamins (poor diet)
  • Statins (cholesterol)
66
Q

Why do we reduce/discontinue screening?

A

It can cause harm

67
Q

Which visit would include a head to toe exam?

A

Wellness visit/First time visit

68
Q

Which type of visit would include vitals, hx, relevant exams, and an EKG?

A

Initial medicare visit

69
Q

Which type of visit includes vitals, relevant exams, but NO ekg?

A

Annual Wellness Visit for medicare (very similar to initial medicare visit w/ no EKG)

70
Q

Which type of visit includes immunizations, behavioral counseling such as academic/screen time, and screening for depression/hearing/vision?

A

Pediatric Preventive Care visit

71
Q

What website should we refer to for pediatric milestones?

A

-CDC

72
Q

What are the 4 main developmental milestone categories for peds?

A
  • Social/Emotional
  • Language/Communications
  • Cognitive
  • Physical development/movement
73
Q

A well woman exam should include immunizations, behavioral counseling, chemoprevention, and what other 3 things?

A
  • Reproductive health
  • Pre-conception counseling
  • Intimate partner violence
74
Q

3 resources we discussed

A
  • SAMHSA
  • Suicide Prevention Hotline
  • Disaster Distress Hotline
75
Q

National goals/objectives for health promotion & disease prevention

A

Healthy People

76
Q

How many years are the goals for healthy people established?

A

10 years

77
Q

According to healthy people, which 2 things are getting worse?

A

mental & oral health

78
Q

From 2020 goals to 2030 goals of Healthy People, what is one of the new goals?

A

-Eliminate health disparities

Foundations Exam 3 COPY (4 decks)

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