Primary galvanic cells and fuel cells as sources of energy

Question 1

Conjugate redox pair

Answer 1

the electron donor (reactant/product) and its corresponding electron acceptor (product/reactant)

Question 2

Half-equation

Answer 2

reduction or oxidation equation of a complete redox reaction

Question 3

Overall redox equation

Answer 3

equation of a complete redox reaction combining reduction
and oxidation half-equations

Question 4

Oxidation

Answer 4

chemical reaction in which a chemical species loses one or more electrons

Question 5

Oxidation state

Answer 5

number assigned to an atom that can be used to determine the movement of electrons in redox reactions

Question 6

Oxidised

Answer 6

describes a chemical species that has lost one or more electrons

Question 7

Oxidising agent

Answer 7

chemical species that oxidises another substance by accepting one or more electrons

Question 8

Redox reaction

Answer 8

chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons between chemical species

Question 9

Reduced

Answer 9

describes a chemical species that has gained one or more electrons

Question 10

Reducing agent

Answer 10

chemical species that reduces another substance by donating one or more electrons

Question 11

Reduction

Answer 11

chemical reaction in which a chemical species gains one or more electrons

Question 12

Acidic environment

Answer 12

solution with a greater concentration of hydrogen ions (H ) than hydroxideions(OH )

Question 13

Basic environment

Answer 13

solution with a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH ) than hydrogenions(H )

Question 14

Anode

Answer 14

electrode where oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs

Question 15

Cathode

Answer 15

electrode where reduction (gain of electrons) occurs

Question 16

Current

Answer 16

a flow of charged particles (ions or electrons)

Question 17

Electrochemical cell

Answer 17

cell involving conversions between electrical and chemical energy

Question 18

Electrochemical series

Answer 18

ranking of chemical species in order of their reducing and oxidising strength

Question 19

Electrode

Answer 19

electrically conductive medium

Question 20

Electrolyte

Answer 20

solution, liquid, or gel containing ions

Question 21

External circuit

Answer 21

flow of electrons through an external wire

Question 22

Feasible reaction

Answer 22

a reaction that could occur but will not necessarily spontaneously react or be observable

Question 23

Galvanic cell

Answer 23

electrochemical cell in which chemical energy from spontaneous redox reactions is converted into electrical energy

Question 24

Half-cell

Answer 24

half of a galvanic cell where either oxidation or reduction reactions occur separated from the other half-cell

Question 25

Internal circuit

Answer 25

flow of ions through a salt bridge

Question 26

Primary cell

Answer 26

cell that cannot be recharged

Question 27

Salt bridge

Answer 27

connection that allows the flow of ions between two half-cells to complete the circuit

Question 28

Cell voltage

Answer 28

voltage produced between the anode and cathode of an electrochemical cell

Question 29

Standard electrode potential (E 0)

Answer 29

potential of a half-cell reaction, given in volts (V), relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode

Question 30

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

Answer 30

standard H+(aq)/H2(g) half-cell with standard electrode potential 0.00 V, which the electrochemical series is created with respect to

Question 31

Voltage (V)

Answer 31

the potential difference in energy per unit charge between two points

Question 32

Fuel cell

Answer 32

electrochemical cell that continuously converts chemical energy into electrical energy via a redox reaction

Question 33

Porous electrode

Answer 33

material with many holes (pores) used in a fuel cell to maximise the ability of gaseous reactants to come into contact with the electrolyte

Question 34

Coulomb

Answer 34

unit of electric charge (equal to the quantity of charge carried by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second)

Question 35

Electric charge

Answer 35

property of matter carried by current and measured in coulombs where the charge on a single electron is -1.60 x 10^-19 coulombs

Question 36

Faraday constant (F)

Answer 36

charge on one mole of charged particles, equal to 96 500 coulombs per mole

Question 37

Green chemistry

Answer 37

set of principles aimed at reducing the use or production of harmful substances in chemical processes

Question 37

Feedstock

Answer 37

raw material used for producing another product

Question 38

Renewable resource

Answer 38

resource capable of being replaced by natural processes within a relatively short period of time

Question 39

Sustainable

Answer 39

can be produced at a rate that is greater than or equal to the rate of consumption without compromising future generations

Question 40

Sustainable Development Goals

Answer 40

set of 17 objectives to promote a positive present and future for people and the planet