primates

Question 1

plesiadapiforms

Answer 1

primate like mammals emerged in the late cretaceous, enlarged procumbent incisors with low crowned molars

Question 2

euprimates

Answer 2

more modern primates, grasping hands and feet with nails, enlarged orbits and orbital convergence, post orbital bar or plate, enlarged brain

Question 3

primate characteristics

Answer 3

reduced snout and overlapping visual fields, post orbital bar or plate, large braincase with large orbitals, advanced brain with enlarged frontal cortex

Question 4

primate teeth

Answer 4

generalized bunodont teeth, quadrate molars, generalized omnivores

Question 5

primate face

Answer 5

reliance on vision with forward facing eyes and binocular vision, reduction of snout and nose, large complex brains, complex social organization

Question 6

primate reproduction

Answer 6

long gestation period, single births, slow development and long lifespans

Question 7

Narrow thorax, restricted shoulder joint, forelimbs and hindlimbs similar length, short digits, reduced tail

Answer 7

Quadrupedal terrestrial locomotion

Question 8

narrow thorax, forelimbs and hindlimbs similar length, shoulder joint allows for lateral movement, long prehensile digits and tail

Answer 8

arboreal quadruped locomotion

Question 9

hindlimbs longer than forelimbs, long prehensile digits, long lumbar region

Answer 9

vertical clinging and leaping locomotion

Question 10

broad thorax, forelimbs longer than hindlimbs, reduced or absent pollex, mobile shoulder joint, short lumbar region, mobile hip joint, no tail or long prehensile tail

Answer 10

brachiation and semibrachiation locomotion

Question 11

Tapetum lucidum

Answer 11

reflecting layer around the retina of the eye in many vertebrates reflecting light back to the retina increasing the of light caught by the retina; improves vision in low light

Question 12

native to Madagascar, nocturnal, less than 500g, quadrupedal walking and bipedal leaping

Answer 12

suborder strepsirrhine
family Cheirogaleidae (mouse and dwarf lemurs)

Question 13

elongate cranium and fox-like face, toothcomb present, pollex and hallux opposable. wooly pelage on body and tail, herbivorous or frugivorous, some highly social

Answer 13

suborder strepsirrhine
family Lemuridae

Question 14

nocturnal folivores, enlarged caecum for microbial digestion, coprophagy, low metabolic rates

Answer 14

suborder strepsirrhine
family lepilemuridae (sportive lemurs)

Question 15

large short faced and wooly lemurs, folivores, bipedal leaping. Avahi is nocturnal and monogamous, propithecus is diurnal and promiscuous, indri is diurnal monogamous and highly vocal

Answer 15

suborder strepsirrhine
family indriidae

Question 16

secretive and nocturnal, insectivores, short skull, large ears, bushy tail, greatly enlarged incisors and a diastema, long slender 3rd digit, opposable hallux with a nail

Answer 16

suborder strepsirrhine
family Daubentoniidae (aye aye)

Question 17

sub saharan Africa, India, southeast Asia, East Indies, short rostrum and forward facing eyes, arboreal, slow climbers, short or absent tails, modified digits for grasping branches, some have a toilet claw on the 2nd digit, nocturnal and omnivorous, low metabolic rates

Answer 17

suborder strepsirrhine
family lorisidae (pottos and loris)

Question 18

large eyes and ears, arboreal leapers, long hind limbs and tail, toothcomb in lower incisors, grooming claw on 2nd digit of the foot

Answer 18

suborder strepsirrhine
family galagidae (galagos)

Question 19

tarsiers and anthropoid primates, have shared dental and cranial characters, a hemochorial placenta, fovea centralis, and a suite of shared molecular characters, made up of 2 superfamilies: platyrrhini and catarrhini

Answer 19

suborder haplorrhini

Question 20

hemochorial placenta

Answer 20

blood has direct contact with the fetus

Question 21

tropical forest of Borneo, Sumatra, some East Indian and Philippine islands, enormous forward facing eyes, digits with disk-like pads, elongated hindlimbs for arboreal jumping, arboreal and nocturnal, insectivorous, bipedal leaping, species solitary or gregarious, long gestation for single young

Answer 21

suborder haplorrhini
family tarsiidae (tarsiers)

Question 22

2 species have chisel shaped medial incisors, may have manes , lack opposable thumbs and toes, all digits except hallux have claws, fraternal twins share a common placenta; other 2 species have long limbs and digits, long furred tails, high braincase and short rostrum, orbits face forward, broad internarial pad between the nostrils

Answer 22

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily platyrrhini
family Cebidae (marmosets, tamarins, capuchins, and squirrel monkeys)

Question 23

nocturnal and territorial, large eyes with good nocturnal vision, no sexual dimorphism, short gestation, the adult male is the primary caregiver for offspring

Answer 23

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily platyrrhini
family Aotidae (night monkeys)

Question 24

widely varrying pelage colors, diurnal and arboreal, forage in canopy for fruit leaves and nuts, long lived with low reproductive rates

Answer 24

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily platyrrhini
family pitheciidae (titi monkeys, saki monkeys, uacaris)

Question 25

long and prehensile tail, diurnal and highly arboreal, social and vocal with the loudest call on earth, philopatric males (returning to their birth place)

Answer 25

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily platyrrhini
family atelidae (howler monkeys, spider monkeys and wooly monkeys)

Question 26

old world anthropoid primates, diverged from platyrrhine primates 38-40 million years ago, sexual dimorphism common, large braincase, robust skull, opposable pollex and hallux except colobus, all digits bear nails, ischial callosities are common

Answer 26

superfamily catarrhini

Question 27

very complex social behaviors dominated by sex

Answer 27

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily catarrhini
family cercopithecidae

Question 28

1 species in Asia, roughly 7000 remaining, typically folivores, sacculated stomachs with a portion for fermentation and large salivary glands

Answer 28

family cercopithecidae
subfamily colobinae (proboscis monkey)

Question 29

tropical southeast Asia, extremely long forelimbs for brachiation, lack tail and cheek pouches, highly vocal

Answer 29

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily catarrhini
family hylobatidae (gibbons)

Question 30

fossils from early to middle Eocene in Africa and Asia, large canines, forelimbs longer than hindlimbs, lack tails, herbivorous, well developed social systems with fission fusion, male dominance, complex vocal communication, and cultures,

Answer 30

suborder haplorrhini
superfamily catarrhini
family hominidae (great apes and humans)

Question 31

oriental and ethiopian, forelimbs longer than hindlimbs, basal part of thumb attached to the hand, opposable hallux, some highly arboreal some terrestrial knuckle walkers

Answer 31

family hominidae
subfamily ponginae (orangutans, chimps, gorillas)

Question 32

humans

Answer 32

family hominidae
subfamily hominae