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BIBLE MBChB Year 1 > Principles > Flashcards

Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Vmax

A

the maximum velocity of the reaction

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2
Q

Km

A

concentration of substrate that gives half of the Vmax

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3
Q

Hb

A

allosteric, sigmoidal, doesn’t follow Michaelis menten

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4
Q

Myoglobin

A

michaelis menten kinetics - because it is hyperbolic

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5
Q

Competitive Inhibitors

A

Vmax stays the same, but Km will vary - an example of this is methanol poisoning

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6
Q

Non-competitive inhibitor

A

Vmax varies, but the Km will stay the same

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7
Q

Line-weaver burk plotting

A

Line-weaver burk allows Vmax and Km to be plotted accurately as it plots them in a y=mx+c equation

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8
Q

Key enzyme of glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase - uses 2 ATP, makes 4 ATP - net + 2ATP

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9
Q

Hexokinase

A

responsible for the substrate entry and pyruvate kinase is responsible for product exit

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10
Q

Which Ig is found in mucosa?

A

IgA

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11
Q

Which Ig is found in breast milk?

A

IgA - particularly protective against polio

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12
Q

Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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13
Q

What receptors do IgE bind to to bring about a response?

A

Fc receptors

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14
Q

Most common type of Ig

A

IgG - crosses the placenta

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15
Q

First antibody to appear in response to an antigen

A

IgM

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16
Q

What produces endotoxin?

A

gram-negative bacteria

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17
Q

What produces exotoxin?

A

gram-positive bacteria

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18
Q

What is used for gram-positive cover?

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

What are the -mycin antibiotics used for?

A

Streptococcal infections

20
Q

Inheritance pattern of CF?

A

Autosomal recessive - 25%

21
Q

Characteristics of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?

A

2 mutated copies, usually unaffected parents - carriers, not seen in every generation

22
Q

Classical oncogene

A
  • ras/myc - stimulate cell growth and inhibit death
23
Q

Tumour suppressor gene

A

p53, APC, BRCA1 - inhibit cell growth and stimulate death

24
Q

Erection - parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

25
Q

Ejaculation - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

26
Q

Insulating material

A

Increase membrane resistance - cells and tissues document

27
Q

types of cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

28
Q

types of cells in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

29
Q

Types of glial cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes, Microglia

30
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

Homeostasis

31
Q

Function of microglia

A

Immune surveillance

32
Q

What colour gram positive stain?

A

Blue/purple

33
Q

Shape of cocci

A

Sphere-shaped

34
Q

Shape of bacilli

A

Rod-shaped

35
Q

Clusters of gram positive

A

usually staphylococcus

36
Q

Chains of gram positive

A 
usually streptococcus (alpha or beta haemolytic) 
S. pneumoniae (a-haemolytic)
37
Q

What colour does gram negative stain?

A

Pink/Red

38
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number

39
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size

40
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in cell size

41
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change from one mature cell type to another mature cell type - high risk of cancer growth

42
Q

Barret’s oesophagus

A

Change from squamous epithelial cells to columnar epithelial cells - an example of metaplasia

43
Q

Neoplasia

A

New growth which is not in response to a stimulus - can be benign, malignant or pre-malignant

44
Q

When does neoplasia become malignant?

A

When it goes beyond basement membrane

45
Q

Dysplasia

A

Disordered growth without stimulus - rarely invades the basement membrane. However, often graded, higher the grade, the lower the prognosis

46
Q

Apoptosis

A

Organised cell death

BIBLE MBChB Year 1 (2 decks)

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