Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards
What’s the difference between Dualism and Monism
Dualism means that mind and brain work independently opposed to Monism.
What does the Res extensa and Res cogitans refer to?
Res extensa refers to the body and res cogitans to mind.
Who was a fan of Holism and ablation studies?
Fluorens! He was cutting the brain piece by piece to explore it’s functions.
What are Lesion studies useful for?
Nothing if you ask me, but in Prashanti’s words: Lesion studies are useful to study modularity of cognitive function and establish double dissociation
Who was a fan of Phrenology?
Franz Gall. He thought that each region in brain is responsible for each process (like emotion or language). He also thought that cognitive development reflected the form of the skull :( shame
What did Broca do?
Probably a lot but most importantly first demonstration of functional localization in human brain (language center/Broca’s center)
Who created visual field maps and said, that depending on the damaged brain region you could map the corresponding visual deficit?
Gordon Holmes. He was conducting his studies on soldiers with brain damage.
What’s equipotentiality?
Brain ability to compensate the loss of function in one region with another region.
Who’s Wilder Penfield?
He came up with motor and sensor homunculi and also did direct brain stimulation.
Techniques for studying the link between mind and brain
TMS = Transcranial magnetic stimulation
TES = Transcranial electric stimulation
DCS = Direct current stimulation
tDCS = Transcranial direct current stimulation
ECOG = Electrocorticography
DBS = Deep brain stimulation
EEG = Electroencephalography
MEG = Magnetaoencephalography
fMRI = Functional magnetic resonance imaging
PET = Positron emission tomography
NIRS = Near-infrared spectoscopy
