Probability and Significance

Question 1

What is inferential statistics?

Answer 1

-make inferences about the populations from which the samples are drawn

Question 2

How do inferential tests relate to probability?

Answer 2

-to ascertain the likelihood that a pattern of results could have arisen by chance
-if probability of occurring by chance is below a certain level = significant

Question 3

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 3

-directional + non-directional

Question 4

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 4

-states there is no difference between conditions

Question 5

What is the usual level of significance?

Answer 5

0.05 (5%)

Question 6

What is probability?

Answer 6

-measure of likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 7

What is significance?

Answer 7

-how sure we are that a difference exists

Question 8

What is type I error?

Answer 8

-incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis

Question 9

What is type II errors?

Answer 9

-failure to reject a false null hypothesis

Question 10

What makes a type I error more likely?

Answer 10

-more likely to be made if the significance level is too lenient

Question 11

What makes a type II error more likely?

Answer 11

-if the significance level is too stringent
-as the values may be missed