Probem Questions- Fluid Review Flashcards
If you have a thin syringe and a thick syringe filled with water, and you apply a force to the end to push the water out, will the water come out in the same way in each? Why or why not? Use the words ‘pressure’ and ‘area’ in your answer
Science Fluid Review
Definitions:
Fluid
any substance that flows
Matter
Is anything that has mass and volume (gas, liquid, and solid)
Mass
A measure of how much matter there is in a substance
Volume
amount of space occupied by a substance
Thermal Expansion
an increase in the volume of a substance in response to an increase in its temperature
Viscosity
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Flow rate
a measure of the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another
Density
the amount of a mass contained in a given volume
Buoyancy
the ability or tendency of an object in a fluid to rise or sink due to density differences with its surroundings
Buoyant force
the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it
Pressure
the amount of force applied to a given area
Compression
a decrease in volume caused by force
Compressibility
The property of being able to be compressed
Viscosity:
The viscosity of a fluid can change due to temperature
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Different fluids have different viscosities
Examples:
High viscosity - honey and molasses
Low viscosity - water and gasoline
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a gas and liquid?
LIQUIDS:
When a liquid heats up, the particles move faster and spread farther apart
Farther distance between particles means less attraction
This allows the liquid to flow faster
The warmer the liquid, the faster the flow
Temperature decreases - viscosity increases
Temperature increases - viscosity decreases
GASSES:
When temperature increases the molecules in gasses bump against each other causing friction
The greater the friction, the higher the viscosity
The warmer the gas the slower it flows
The cooler the gas the faster it flows
Temperature increases - friction increases - viscosity increases
Temperature decreases - less friction - viscosity decreases
Density:
Density is the ratio of mass to volume
Matter can be more or less dense by the amount of mass compared to volume
Decrease volume, the density will increase
Increase mass, density increases
A substance that has a higher density than the fluid it is in, will sink
A substance with a lower density than the fluid it is in, will rise/float
If a substance has the very same density of the fluid its in, it will “hover” in place
Examples:
Oil has a low density allowing it to float on water
Honey and Mercury have high densities
How to Find Density:
Density is mass divided by volume
It is measured in grams/milliliters (g/ml) or grams/cm3 (g/cm3)
Milliliters = centimeter cubed
Density (d), mass (m), and volume (v)
d=mv m=d(v) v=md
The relationship between density and states of matter:
Particle theory of matter:
Everything is made up of matter
All matter includes atoms and molecules
There is always space between molecules and atoms
They never touch
Particles are always moving
Particles are attracted to each other
If solids break their bonds, they turn into liquid
If liquids’ bonds break, they turn into gases
The Relationship:
As the volume of the matter increases the particles move faster and farther apart
The farther apart the particles are, the less dense the substance
A gas is less dense than liquid because they particles are farther apart
A solid is more dense than a liquid because they particles are closer together
Regularly a substance is most dense as a solid and least dense as a gas
However water is an exception, when frozen the particles move slightly farther apart, making it less dense than liquid water
Important Formulas:
Fr=Vt P=Fa d=mv V=Fr(t) F=P(a) m=d(v) t=VFr a=FP v=md
Archimedes Principle:
The buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Explain how it rationalizes the ability of a boat to float
If the weight of the water displaced by the boat is greater than or equal to the weight of the boat the boat will float, however if the displaced water around the boat weighs less than the boat, it will sink. Another thing that keeps the boat afloat is the volume. The larger the volume of the boat, the more water it displaces, making the buoyant force acting on the boat greater, so it floats.
Sink, Rise, and Float Diagrams:
Rise= density of object < density of fluid/ buoyant force > force of gravity
Float= density of object = density of fluid / buoyant force = force of gravity
Sink= density of object > density of fluid/ buoyant force < force of gravity
* Use terms: density, buoyant force, and force of gravity in answer
If you have a thin syringe and a thick syringe filled with water, and you apply a force to the end to push the water out, will the water come out in the same way in each? Why or why not? Use the words ‘pressure’ and ‘area’ in your answer.
If you have a thick and thin syringe filled with water and you apply force to the end to push the water out, the water will come out of the thinner syringe faster and with more force
This is because when the force is applied the area the water is in, it gets smaller and that then increases the pressure
So in a smaller needle, the pressure would be even higher than the thicker needle because there is less space/area for the liquid to come out of. Less area = more pressure
Compressibility in Liquids and Gasses:
When you compress a material with gas you force the air particles into a smaller volume
There is a large amount of space between the particles in a gas because they move faster and farther apart without some kind of uniform order. This makes it very easy to compress (ex. Air in a soccer ball)
There is not as much space between the particles in a liquid because they are moving slower and are more uniform and close together, so it is much harder to compress or incompressible
Gasses are more compressible than liquids
When force is applied to the particles, much more compression takes place in the gas than in the liquid.
Explain the Relationship between Pressure and Temperature:
The pressure exerted by a fluid is the sum of all the forces exerted by the individual particles in the fluid.
When the temperature increases, the particles move faster and farther apart and strike the walls of the container more often with more energy.
At a constant volume, an increase in temperature will result in an increase of pressure
If the volume of the container can’t increase, its pressure increases, which could result in an explosion.
Relationship Between Pressure and Volume:
Less area/volume = more pressure
A container with more volume will have less pressure
A container with less volume will have more pressure
If a volume of a container can’t increase the pressure will increase
Extra Notes:
If a fluid is allowed to move, it will always go from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
(ex. straw in a juice box)
Science Fluid Review
Definitions:
Fluid
any substance that flows
Matter
Is anything that has mass and volume (gas, liquid, and solid)
Mass
A measure of how much matter there is in a substance
Volume
amount of space occupied by a substance
Thermal Expansion
an increase in the volume of a substance in response to an increase in its temperature
Viscosity
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Flow rate
a measure of the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another
Density
the amount of a mass contained in a given volume
Buoyancy
the ability or tendency of an object in a fluid to rise or sink due to density differences with its surroundings
Buoyant force
the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it
Pressure
the amount of force applied to a given area
Compression
a decrease in volume caused by force
Compressibility
The property of being able to be compressed
Viscosity:
The viscosity of a fluid can change due to temperature
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Different fluids have different viscosities
Examples:
High viscosity - honey and molasses
Low viscosity - water and gasoline
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a gas and liquid?
LIQUIDS:
When a liquid heats up, the particles move faster and spread farther apart
Farther distance between particles means less attraction
This allows the liquid to flow faster
The warmer the liquid, the faster the flow
Temperature decreases - viscosity increases
Temperature increases - viscosity decreases
GASSES:
When temperature increases the molecules in gasses bump against each other causing friction
The greater the friction, the higher the viscosity
The warmer the gas the slower it flows
The cooler the gas the faster it flows
Temperature increases - friction increases - viscosity increases
Temperature decreases - less friction - viscosity decreases
Density:
Density is the ratio of mass to volume
Matter can be more or less dense by the amount of mass compared to volume
Decrease volume, the density will increase
Increase mass, density increases
A substance that has a higher density than the fluid it is in, will sink
A substance with a lower density than the fluid it is in, will rise/float
If a substance has the very same density of the fluid its in, it will “hover” in place
Examples:
Oil has a low density allowing it to float on water
Honey and Mercury have high densities
How to Find Density:
Density is mass divided by volume
It is measured in grams/milliliters (g/ml) or grams/cm3 (g/cm3)
Milliliters = centimeter cubed
Density (d), mass (m), and volume (v)
d=mv m=d(v) v=md
The relationship between density and states of matter:
Particle theory of matter:
Everything is made up of matter
All matter includes atoms and molecules
There is always space between molecules and atoms
They never touch
Particles are always moving
Particles are attracted to each other
If solids break their bonds, they turn into liquid
If liquids’ bonds break, they turn into gases
The Relationship:
As the volume of the matter increases the particles move faster and farther apart
The farther apart the particles are, the less dense the substance
A gas is less dense than liquid because they particles are farther apart
A solid is more dense than a liquid because they particles are closer together
Regularly a substance is most dense as a solid and least dense as a gas
However water is an exception, when frozen the particles move slightly farther apart, making it less dense than liquid water
Important Formulas:
Fr=Vt P=Fa d=mv V=Fr(t) F=P(a) m=d(v) t=VFr a=FP v=md
Archimedes Principle:
The buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Explain how it rationalizes the ability of a boat to float
If the weight of the water displaced by the boat is greater than or equal to the weight of the boat the boat will float, however if the displaced water around the boat weighs less than the boat, it will sink. Another thing that keeps the boat afloat is the volume. The larger the volume of the boat, the more water it displaces, making the buoyant force acting on the boat greater, so it floats.
Sink, Rise, and Float Diagrams:
Rise= density of object < density of fluid/ buoyant force > force of gravity
Float= density of object = density of fluid / buoyant force = force of gravity
Sink= density of object > density of fluid/ buoyant force < force of gravity
* Use terms: density, buoyant force, and force of gravity in answer
If you have a thin syringe and a thick syringe filled with water, and you apply a force to the end to push the water out, will the water come out in the same way in each? Why or why not? Use the words ‘pressure’ and ‘area’ in your answer.
If you have a thick and thin syringe filled with water and you apply force to the end to push the water out, the water will come out of the thinner syringe faster and with more force
This is because when the force is applied the area the water is in, it gets smaller and that then increases the pressure
So in a smaller needle, the pressure would be even higher than the thicker needle because there is less space/area for the liquid to come out of. Less area = more pressure
Compressibility in Liquids and Gasses:
When you compress a material with gas you force the air particles into a smaller volume
There is a large amount of space between the particles in a gas because they move faster and farther apart without some kind of uniform order. This makes it very easy to compress (ex. Air in a soccer ball)
There is not as much space between the particles in a liquid because they are moving slower and are more uniform and close together, so it is much harder to compress or incompressible
Gasses are more compressible than liquids
When force is applied to the particles, much more compression takes place in the gas than in the liquid.
Explain the Relationship between Pressure and Temperature:
The pressure exerted by a fluid is the sum of all the forces exerted by the individual particles in the fluid.
When the temperature increases, the particles move faster and farther apart and strike the walls of the container more often with more energy.
At a constant volume, an increase in temperature will result in an increase of pressure
If the volume of the container can’t increase, its pressure increases, which could result in an explosion.
Relationship Between Pressure and Volume:
Less area/volume = more pressure
A container with more volume will have less pressure
A container with less volume will have more pressure
If a volume of a container can’t increase the pressure will increase
Extra Notes:
If a fluid is allowed to move, it will always go from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
(ex. straw in a juice box)
Science Fluid Review
Definitions:
Fluid
any substance that flows
Matter
Is anything that has mass and volume (gas, liquid, and solid)
Mass
A measure of how much matter there is in a substance
Volume
amount of space occupied by a substance
Thermal Expansion
an increase in the volume of a substance in response to an increase in its temperature
Viscosity
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Flow rate
a measure of the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another
Density
the amount of a mass contained in a given volume
Buoyancy
the ability or tendency of an object in a fluid to rise or sink due to density differences with its surroundings
Buoyant force
the upward force exerted by any fluid upon a body placed in it
Pressure
the amount of force applied to a given area
Compression
a decrease in volume caused by force
Compressibility
The property of being able to be compressed
Viscosity:
The viscosity of a fluid can change due to temperature
the resistance of a fluid to flow
Different fluids have different viscosities
Examples:
High viscosity - honey and molasses
Low viscosity - water and gasoline
How does temperature affect the viscosity of a gas and liquid?
LIQUIDS:
When a liquid heats up, the particles move faster and spread farther apart
Farther distance between particles means less attraction
This allows the liquid to flow faster
The warmer the liquid, the faster the flow
Temperature decreases - viscosity increases
Temperature increases - viscosity decreases
GASSES:
When temperature increases the molecules in gasses bump against each other causing friction
The greater the friction, the higher the viscosity
The warmer the gas the slower it flows
The cooler the gas the faster it flows
Temperature increases - friction increases - viscosity increases
Temperature decreases - less friction - viscosity decreases
Density:
Density is the ratio of mass to volume
Matter can be more or less dense by the amount of mass compared to volume
Decrease volume, the density will increase
Increase mass, density increases
A substance that has a higher density than the fluid it is in, will sink
A substance with a lower density than the fluid it is in, will rise/float
If a substance has the very same density of the fluid its in, it will “hover” in place
Examples:
Oil has a low density allowing it to float on water
Honey and Mercury have high densities
How to Find Density:
Density is mass divided by volume
It is measured in grams/milliliters (g/ml) or grams/cm3 (g/cm3)
Milliliters = centimeter cubed
Density (d), mass (m), and volume (v)
d=mv m=d(v) v=md
The relationship between density and states of matter:
Particle theory of matter:
Everything is made up of matter
All matter includes atoms and molecules
There is always space between molecules and atoms
They never touch
Particles are always moving
Particles are attracted to each other
If solids break their bonds, they turn into liquid
If liquids’ bonds break, they turn into gases
The Relationship:
As the volume of the matter increases the particles move faster and farther apart
The farther apart the particles are, the less dense the substance
A gas is less dense than liquid because they particles are farther apart
A solid is more dense than a liquid because they particles are closer together
Regularly a substance is most dense as a solid and least dense as a gas
However water is an exception, when frozen the particles move slightly farther apart, making it less dense than liquid water
Important Formulas:
Fr=Vt P=Fa d=mv V=Fr(t) F=P(a) m=d(v) t=VFr a=FP v=md
Archimedes Principle:
The buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Explain how it rationalizes the ability of a boat to float
If the weight of the water displaced by the boat is greater than or equal to the weight of the boat the boat will float, however if the displaced water around the boat weighs less than the boat, it will sink. Another thing that keeps the boat afloat is the volume. The larger the volume of the boat, the more water it displaces, making the buoyant force acting on the boat greater, so it floats.
Sink, Rise, and Float Diagrams:
Rise= density of object < density of fluid/ buoyant force > force of gravity
Float= density of object = density of fluid / buoyant force = force of gravity
Sink= density of object > density of fluid/ buoyant force < force of gravity
* Use terms: density, buoyant force, and force of gravity in answer
If you have a thin syringe and a thick syringe filled with water, and you apply a force to the end to push the water out, will the water come out in the same way in each? Why or why not? Use the words ‘pressure’ and ‘area’ in your answer.
If you have a thick and thin syringe filled with water and you apply force to the end to push the water out, the water will come out of the thinner syringe faster and with more force
This is because when the force is applied the area the water is in, it gets smaller and that then increases the pressure
So in a smaller needle, the pressure would be even higher than the thicker needle because there is less space/area for the liquid to come out of. Less area = more pressure
Compressibility in Liquids and Gasses:
When you compress a material with gas you force the air particles into a smaller volume
There is a large amount of space between the particles in a gas because they move faster and farther apart without some kind of uniform order. This makes it very easy to compress (ex. Air in a soccer ball)
There is not as much space between the particles in a liquid because they are moving slower and are more uniform and close together, so it is much harder to compress or incompressible
Gasses are more compressible than liquids
When force is applied to the particles, much more compression takes place in the gas than in the liquid.
Explain the Relationship between Pressure and Temperature:
The pressure exerted by a fluid is the sum of all the forces exerted by the individual particles in the fluid.
When the temperature increases, the particles move faster and farther apart and strike the walls of the container more often with more energy.
At a constant volume, an increase in temperature will result in an increase of pressure
If the volume of the container can’t increase, its pressure increases, which could result in an explosion.
Relationship Between Pressure and Volume:
Less area/volume = more pressure
A container with more volume will have less pressure
A container with less volume will have more pressure
If a volume of a container can’t increase the pressure will increase
Extra Notes:
If a fluid is allowed to move, it will always go from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
(ex. straw in a juice box)
