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Y13 The Water Cycle > Processes Driving Change In The Magnitude Of Stores > Flashcards

Processes Driving Change In The Magnitude Of Stores Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process where a solid becomes a liquid?

A

Fusion.

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2
Q

What is the process where a liquid becomes a gas?

A

Vaporisation.

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3
Q

What is the process where a solid becomes a gas?

A

Sublimation.

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4
Q

What does high pressure mean for an area?

A

It will be dry.

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5
Q

What does low pressure mean for an area?

A

It will be wet.

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6
Q

What are the 5 main processes that drive change?

A

-Evaporation
-Condensation
-Precipitation
-Cryospheric processes
-Drainage basin processes

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7
Q

How do you get water vapour?

A

The water particles gain energy and vibrate, rise and turn to a gas (water vapour).

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8
Q

What is evaporation?

A

It’s where liquids turn to water vapour because the sun heats the water molecules and gives them energy.

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9
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The heat from the surroundings of the water molecules that they absorb.

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10
Q

What are the 6 factors that effect evaporation?

A

-Temperature of the air
-Volume
-Surface area
-Amount of solar energy
-Availability of water
-Humidity in the air

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11
Q

What do warmer temperatures mean in terms of moisture content?

A

There will be more moisture.

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12
Q

What do cooler temperatures mean in relation to moisture content?

A

There will be less moisture.

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13
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

The amount of water vapour in the air at a given temperature compared to how much the air could possibly hold at that temperature.

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14
Q

What does it mean for the air to be saturated?

A

The air becomes saturated when it reaches 100% relative humidity so therefore holds as much water vapour as it can.

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15
Q

What is dew point temperature?

A

This is used to describe the air when it becomes saturated.

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16
Q

What happens at the dew point temperature?

A

The air cannot hold anymore water vapour and is cold enough so it will condense.

17
Q

What happens to the air during evaporation?

A

It cools down.

18
Q

Why is water vapour important?

A

It’s important because it absorbs, reflects and scatters solar radiation so can regulate global temps.

19
Q

What can water vapour do as it condenses?

A

It can cool temperatures.

20
Q

What is condensation?

A

It’s when the air cools and loses energy , can’t hold as much water vapour so it turns back to a liquid when dew point temperature is reached.

21
Q

What are the 2 factors that effect condensation?

A

-The amount of water vapour
-The temperature of the air

22
Q

What does a cloudless night mean?

A

Both the ground and air is colder.

23
Q

What needs to be present for water vapour to turn into clouds?

A

A condensation nuclei.

24
Q

How are clouds formed?

A

The water particles will condense onto particles (condensation nuclei) and continue to grow, forming clouds.

25
Q

What are the 4 types of precipitation?

A

-Rain
-Sleet
-Snow
-Hail

26
Q

How does convectional rain occur?

A

This occurs when heat from sun heating water, evaporates, cools, condenses, forms clouds.

27
Q

When is convectional rain common in the UK?

A

In the summer.

28
Q

How does relief rain occur?

A

-Warm moist air travels inward.
-As it reaches steep topography it is forced to rise it then cools + condenses on the windward side so it rains.
-The cold air sinks on the leeward side causing it to be dry.

29
Q

How does frontal rain occur?

A

-This occurs when 2 air masses meet which are differing densities.
-The warm air mass does not mix with the cold so is forced to rise + leads to condensation + rain.

30
Q

What are the 2 cryospheric processes?

A

-Accumulation
-Ablation

31
Q

What is meant by ablation?

A

When mass is removed from a glacier.

32
Q

What is meant by accumulation?

A

All processes by which snow or ice are added to a glacier.

33
Q

What controls Cryospheric processes?

A

Temperature.

Y13 The Water Cycle (10 decks)

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