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AP Psychology > Prologue > Flashcards

Prologue Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

The view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment

A

Empiricism

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3
Q

Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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4
Q

early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

A

Structuralism

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5
Q

Wundt’s student who introduced structuralism

A

Edward Titchener

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6
Q

Looking inward to report elements of sensory experience. Asking, what are your immediate sensations, feelings, and images?

A

Introspection

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7
Q

Psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism adapt, survive, etc

A

Functionalism

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8
Q

Introduced functionalism; taught and mentored at Harvard University

A

William James

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9
Q

Pioneering memory researcher and APA’s first female president mentored by William James

A

Mary Calkins

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10
Q

Mentored by James, first female psychology PhD recipient and second female APA president

A

Margaret Washburn

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11
Q

Emphasized growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods of studying personality in hopes of fostering growth

A

Humanistic Pyschology

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12
Q

Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to. Persons psychological behaviors

A

Nature-Nurture issue

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13
Q

Traits contributing to reproduction and survival are most likely to be passed down to succeeding generations

A

Natural Selection

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14
Q

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes

A

Evolutionary perspective

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15
Q

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

A

Biological/Neuroscience Perspective

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16
Q

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

A

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Perspective

17
Q

How we learn observable responses

A

Behavioral Perspective

18
Q

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

A

Cognitive Perspective

19
Q

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

A

Social-Cultural Perspective

20
Q

Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base

A

Basic Research

21
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

22
Q

Psychologists who explore the links between brain and mind

A

Biological Psychologists

23
Q

Psychologists who study our changing abilities from womb to tomb

A

Developmental psychologists

24
Q

Psychologists who experiment with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

A

Cognitive Psychologists

25
Q

Psychologists who investigate our persistent traits

A

Personality psychologists

26
Q

Psychologists who explore how we view and affect one another

A

Social Psychologists

27
Q

Branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving better wellbeing

A

Counseling psychology

28
Q

Branch of Psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

29
Q

Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide treatment and therapy

A

Psychiatry

30
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

31
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that (a) knowledge comes from experience and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment

32
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established the first psychology laboratory in Liepzig Germany

33
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

34
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Wundt’s student who introduced structuralism

35
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward to report elements of sensory experience

AP Psychology (2 decks)

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