Prostate Cancer Flashcards
Prostate cancer is uncommon for whom?
uncommon < 50 years old
Who gets prostate cancer?
older men,
increases with age, average age at diagnosis 71 years,
most men have microscopic cancer by age 100 years
uncommon < 50 years old
More common in what race?
African Americans
Subjective symptoms of prostate cancer?
often asymptomatic with elevated PSA on screening testing
obstructive urinary symptoms - dysuria, retention, dribbling, frequency, urgency, incontinence
BPH
Back pain if metastasis
Objective findings of prostate cancer…
General physical:
lymphadenopathy - periprostatic, internal/external/common iliac, hypogastric, pre- and para-aortic, left supraclavicular lymph nodes
Rectal:
digital rectal exam (DRE) assess nodularity, volume, extension to surrounding tissues(1)
may detect most cancers localized in peripheral zone of prostate when volume is 0.2 mL or larger
diagnosis may be made with an abnormal DRE alone in a small percentage of patients
abnormal DRE is an indication for prostate biopsy
Normal PSA?
At or < 2-3.
Diagnosis?
Diagnosis based on biopsy.
Can DXA be rectal exam if the exam is highly abnormal.
Subjective signs?
often asymptomatic with elevated PSA on screening testing
obstructive urinary symptoms - dysuria, retention, dribbling, frequency, urgency, incontinence
often present but also present with benign prostatic hypertrophy
back pain from osteoblastic bone metastases
rarely initial or terminal hematuria or hematospermia
Objective signs?
General physical:
lymphadenopathy - periprostatic, internal/external/common iliac, hypogastric, pre- and para-aortic, left supraclavicular lymph nodes
Rectal:
digital rectal exam (DRE) assess nodularity, volume, extension to surrounding tissues(1)
may detect most cancers localized in peripheral zone of prostate when volume is 0.2 mL
