Protein Flashcards
How many calories are in 1g of protein?
4 calories
What is proteins role in the body?
They provide building blocks for growth and repair of body tissues, they regulate chemical processes and there is syntheses of hormones ( chemical messengers) and enzymes ( lower the activation energy to allow reactions to occur)
What are amino acids made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What are monomers?
They form chains that make up proteins
What is the daily energy intake of protein?
10%-35% of calories we consume
What are enzymes?
They act as catalysts in biochemical reactions and there are different enzymes that participate in different types of reactions and may break down, link up, or rearrange their substrates.
What are examples of enzymes?
Salivary amylase, which breaks amylose (a kind of starch) down into smaller sugars.
What are hormones?
Hormones are long distance chemical signals released by endocrine cells.
What do hormones control?
They control specific physiological processes, such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. While some hormones are steroid based, others are proteins
What are examples of hormones?
Insulin is an important peptide hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels
What are sources of protein?
Incomplete like plant proteins and complete like animal proteins
What is the definition of incomplete proteins?
Proteins that lack essential amino acids
What is the definition of complete proteins?
They contain all the essential amino acids in the correct proportions
What is protein digestion?
Enzyme action combined with hydrochloric acid in the stomach break down proteins into smaller polypeptides. Eventually broken down into amino acid components
The is the protein structure of amino acids?
Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Specifically, a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino acids, each of which is called a polypeptide.
