Protein issues

Question 1

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

PEM

Answer 1

= refers to a range of clinical syndromes characterized by an inadequate dietary intake of proteins and calories to meet the body’s needs  Lack of protein, lack of calories, or both

Question 2

Somatic protein compartment:



Answer 2

• Skeletal muscle 

- Reserve protein source, take from here if needed

Question 3

Visceral protein compartment:

Answer 3

• Predominantly in the liver 
• Determine if this compartment is used by checking blood protein level
  (specifically albumin)

Question 4

Malnourished

Answer 4

–

Question 5

Kwashiorkor

Answer 5

– 60 - 80% of normal weight*

• enough energy not enough protein
• hypoalbuminemia
• generalized edema
• hair changes (straightening, color loss)
• skin lesions
• fatty liver (steatosis)
• hepatomegaly
• apathy, listlessness, anorexia
• decreased immunity
• higher mortality rate than marasmus

Question 6

Marasmus

Answer 6

–

Question 7

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 7

– self-induced starvation, resulting in marked weight loss
- Profound damage to endocrine system – especially pituitary and thyroid glands
 Symptoms:
o Amenorrhea (no period) – huge decrease in gonadotropin-releasing (GnRH),
leutinizing (LH), and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones from pituitary
o Hypothyroidism – cold intolerance, constipation, bradycardia,
osteoporosis, cardiac arrhythmia, skin is dry and scaly
o Decreased immune system function
o Hypokalemia – resulting in arrhythmias, most common cause of death
o Low BP
o Low weight (though not from breasts)

Question 8

Bulimia

Answer 8

– condition in which the patient binges on food and then induces vomiting
- Endocrine pathology though not as severe as with anorexia 
Symptoms:
o Amenorrhea – present in 50% of patients
o Most common causes of death:
 1) Aspiration pneumonia – inhalation of vomited particles along
with digestive enzymes  digestion and inflammation of lungs
(also a common cause of death for alcohol abusers)  2) hypokalemia  cardiac arrhythmias 
3) Esophageal and heart rupture
 irritation of esophagus  Mallory Weiss syndrome = destruction of the distal
esophagus due to repetitive, long term vomiting

Question 9

Mallory Weiss syndrome

Answer 9

= destruction of the distal

esophagus due to repetitive, long term vomiting