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alevel biology ocr > proteins- biological molecules > Flashcards

proteins- biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 most common chemical elements that make up ptoteins

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur

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2
Q

what is the monomer from which proteins are made

A

amino acids

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3
Q

what is the general structure of an amino acid

A

a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an r group, carboxyl group and a amine group (hydroxyl group??)

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4
Q

how many amino acids are commonly found in cells

A

20

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5
Q

how many non essential AAs are there and what does this mean

A

5, our bodies are able to make them from other AAs

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6
Q

how many essential AAs are there and what does this mean

A

9, means that they can only be obtained from what we eat

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7
Q

a further … AAs are said to be….. meaning

A

6, conditionally essential meaning they are only needed by infants and growing children

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8
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

a covalent bond between two amino acids resulting from a condensation reaction

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9
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

a molecule formed by the condensation of two AAs

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10
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

a polymer formed by the condensation of many AAs (3+)

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11
Q

what is a proteins primary structure

A

the sequence of amino acids that makes up the polypeptide of a protein

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12
Q

what is a proteins secondary structure

A

the particular folding/conformation/shape of a chain of AAs in the polypeptide(s) of a protein

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13
Q

what is a proteins tertiary structure

A

the particular folding of a whole polypeptide chain as determined by the AAs that make up the polypeptide

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14
Q

what is a proteins quaternary structure

A

a number of polypeptide chains linked together and sometimes associated with non protein groups to form a protein

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15
Q

what is a conjugated protein

A

a protein that contains non protein prosthetic groups attached by covalent, ionic or hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

what is haemoglobin and its structure

A

a protein enabling transport of oxygen in the blood, it has a quaternary structure and 4 prosthetic ahem groups which are able to bind to oxygen

17
Q

what do peptide bonds form between

A

individual amino acid molecules between the carbon and hydrogen

18
Q

what is the reaction called which forms a peptide bond and a water molecule

A

condensation reaction

19
Q

peptide bond and adds to water back into the amino acids

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

2 amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

21
Q

what is a polypeptide chain

A

3 or more amino acids joined together

22
Q

how many peptides are in a protein

A

a protein consists of 1 or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific 3d shape

23
Q

why is the structure of a protein important

A

because it plays an important role in the overall structure and function of the protein

24
Q

what is the primary structure of proteins

A

refers to simple long chains with NO intramolecular BONDS or interactions, specific order of AAs

25
Q

what is the secondary structure of proteins

A

what is the secondary structure of proteins

26
Q

what is the tertiary structure of proteins

A

hydrophilic or phobic interactions, hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bonds (or bridges) that hold the molecules together in shape

27
Q

what is the quaternary structure of proteins

A

same as tertiary but have 2 or more separate polypeptide chains interlinked

28
Q

what are the 2 structures in a secondary level structure of proteins

A

alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

29
Q

alpha helix structures always make……proteins

A

globular

30
Q

beta pleated sheet structures always make…..proteins

A

fibrous

31
Q

name 3 fibrous proteins

A

keratin
elastin
collagen

32
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

it is the bond that forms between the amine group of 1 amino acid and the carboxyl of another amino acid to form a dipeptide

33
Q

Scientists call the non-amino acid part in a globular protein the

A

prothetic group

34
Q

A globular protein is known as conjugated if it contains a/an…

A

prosthetic group

35
Q

are fiberous proteins soluble or insoluble in water

A

insoluble

36
Q

what type of proteins contain lots of hydrophobic side groups and what does this allow them to do

A

fibrous, have lots of structural functions

37
Q

fibrou

A

alevel biology ocr (19 decks)

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