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PARASITOLOGY > Protozoology: Amoeba Lec > Flashcards

Protozoology: Amoeba Lec Flashcards

1
Q

Are single celled eukaryotic organisms with different sizes and shape

A

Protozoans

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2
Q

Protozoans includes:

A

cytoplasm, nucleus, karyosome, vacuoles, reproduction, locomotory organelles

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3
Q

What are two cytoplam in protozoans?

A

Ectoplasm, endoplasm

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4
Q

for respiration;
for procurement and digestion of food;
for excretion of metabolic wastes;
for protection

Outside

A

Ectoplasm

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5
Q

with more fluid present

A

Endoplasm

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6
Q

most important organelle

A

nucleus

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7
Q

Nucleus
: Contains the ____essential to life
: For___and_____-of the organism

A

Chromosomes: Reproduction and genetic transmission

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7
Q

parasitic protozoan, the nucleolus is termed

A

Karyosome

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8
Q

the arrangement of the nucleus or the karyosome are one of the basis for…

A

Identification of parasite

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9
Q

karyosome can be found ______and surrounded by _____ that’s why it is the basis for identification

A

eccentric: chromatin granules

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10
Q

contains vacuoles: food reserve (____ and ____) - carb reserve

A

Glycogen, protein

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11
Q

takes place in the human host

A

asexual

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12
Q

stage takes place in the mosquito

A

sexual

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12
Q

maybe asexual and/
or sexual
* May also involve binary fission

A

reproduction

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13
Q

what locomotory organelles?

A

flagella,cilia, pseudopodia

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14
Q

arising from the ectoplasm – primary
basis of classifying the organisms.

A

locomotory organelles

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15
Q

2 Subphyla

A

Subphylum Sarcodina,Subphylum
Mastigophora

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16
Q

Subphylum Sarcodina superclass?

A

Rhizopoda

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17
Q

Subphylum Sarcodina class

A

lobosea

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18
Q

Subphylum
Mastigophora Class?

A

Zoomatisgophora

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19
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Amoeba

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20
Q

Flagellates

A

flagella

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21
Q

Species that inhabit the digestive tract

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Entamoeba dispar
  • Entamoeba hartmanni
  • Entamoeba coli
  • Endolimax nana
  • Iodomoeba butschlii
  • Blastocystis hominis
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22
Q

Specie that inhabits the oral cavity

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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23
Q

Species that inhabit the brain

A
  • Naegleria sp.
  • Acanthamoeba sp.
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24
Q

Subphylum Mastigophora: Specie that inhabits the digestive tract

A
  • Giardia lambia
  • Trichomonas hominis
  • Chilomastix mesnili
  • Dientamoeba fragilis
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25
Q

Species that inhabit the oral cavity (M)

A

Trichonomas tenax

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26
Q

Species that inhabits the genitalia

A

Trichonomas vaginalis

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27
Q

Species that inhabit the circulatory system

A
  • Leishmania sp
  • trypanosoma sp
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28
Q

What is the locomotory organelles in phylum ciliophora?

A

cilia

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29
Q

Phylum ciliophora class:____

A

kinetogarminophorea

30
Q

Phylum ciliophora order:

A

Trichostomatida

31
Q

Example of ciliates

A

Balantidium coli

32
Q
  • No locomotory organelles
  • With Apical Complex
    Polar rings
    Rhoptries
    Micronemes
A

Phuylum Apicomplexa

33
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa class:

A

Sporozea

34
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa subclass:

A

Coccidea

35
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa order:

A

Eucocidiida

36
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa suborder:

A

Eimeriina, Haemosporina

37
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa

A

Cryptosporidium sp
Isospora sp
Sarcocystis sp
Toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

All amoeba develop a cyst stage except

A

E. gingivalis

39
Q

All are found in the colon except

A

E. gingivalis

40
Q
  • All amoeba are commensals except
A

E. histolytica
(pathogenic)

41
Q

Vegetative stage
Possesses locomotory organelles

A

Trophozoite Stage

42
Q

Infective stage
More resistant to the environment

A

Cyst Stage

43
Q
  • Stained DFS
  • For detection of trophozoite
A

Diarrheic /dysenteric stool

44
Q

For detection of cyst stage

A

Formed stool-stained DFS; FECT (low infection)

45
Q

used for propagating/multiplication of E. histolytica

we culture it to see more number of trophozoite

A

Culture Method

46
Q

What are the culture method?

A
  • Locke’s egg serum (LES)
  • Rice Egg Saline (RES)
  • Robinson’s culture method
47
Q
  • DNA detection
  • To differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar
A

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

48
Q
  • To differentiate E. histolytica and E. dispar
A

Serological test (Antibody detection test)

49
Q

Diarrheic stool at best ___ min

A

30

50
Q

What are the diagnosis?

A

Diarrheic /dysenteric stool, Formed stool-stained DFS; FECT (low infection), Culture Method, PCR, Serological test, Rectal Biopsy, Liver aspirate examination

51
Q

to control the spread likewise to cut the lifecycle

A

Prevention and Control

52
Q

Asymptomatic/mild infection - _____
Moderate to severe infection- _____
Amoebic liver abcess - ______

A

Diloxanide Vursate
metronidazole
metronidazole

53
Q

What are the treatment cases?

A

Avoiding the use of night soil as fertilizer
Proper waste disposal
Proper hygiene
Regulation of food handler

54
Q

o Fecalysis should be done every ______

A

6 months

55
Q
  • Morphologically the same as E. histolytica
  • Not invasive
  • No ingested RBCS in the trophozoite stage
  • Does not elicit the production of serum AbS
A

Entamoeba dispar

56
Q
  • First reported as an intestinal amoeba of pigs and monkeys
  • Occasionally seen in human In Papua New Guinea
A

Entamoeba polecki

57
Q

Common intestinal amoeba of human

A

Entamoeba polecki

58
Q

smallest amoeba

A

Endolimax nana

59
Q

trophozoite to cyst

A

encystation

60
Q

cyst to troph

A

excystation

61
Q

Blastocystis hominis was formerly classified as ____( ____)

A

yeast (Genus Schizosaccharomyces)

62
Q

what organelle does blastocystis hominis has? and can only seen in?

A

Mitochondrion with protozoan morphology; electron microscope

63
Q

What reproduction does blastocystis has?

A

Asexual through binary fission

64
Q

Know as brain eating amoeba

A

Naegleria fowleri

65
Q

what does naegleria fowleri causes?

A

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

66
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of n. fowleri?

A

Frontal headache, fever, and congested nasal passages then meningeal irritation

67
Q

commensal life cycle

A

Portal of Entry – mouth
Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst
Habitat – intestine
Portal of Exit – Anus
** NO tissue Invasion

67
Q

commensal life cycle

A

Portal of Entry – mouth
Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst
Habitat – intestine
Portal of Exit – Anus
** NO tissue Invasion

68
Q

trophozoite –> cyst

A

Encystation

69
Q

cyst –> troph

A

excystation

70
Q

ENTAMOEBA COLI life cycle

A

Portal of Entry – mouth
Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst
Habitat – intestine
Portal of Exit – Anus
** NO tissue Invasion

71
Q

Blastocystis hominis life cycle

A

Transmission : Ingestion of the parasite from contaminated food and water
*** infective stage : not known yet.
Pathogenesis : causes diarrhea with abdominal cramps; anorexia
Diagnosis: Stool Examination
- Vacuolated forms
Treatment: Metronidazole

72
Q

Naegleria fowleri life cycle

A

Portal of Entry: Nose (Nasal Cavity)
Infective stage: Amoeboid trophozoite
Mode of Transmission : intranasal instillation of amoeba
*** enters through the nose and travels to the brain Diagnosis : Demonstration of amoeboid trophozoite in CSF and in Histopathologic section Treatment: anti-microbial and antiamoebic

PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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