psyc 290 athabasca FINAL EXAM PREP* Flashcards
Internal attribution
Credit (ascribes) the cause of behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.
For example: joes dad suggests joes low marks in school are d/t his laziness.
This is an internal attribution.
Electicism
Practice of therapy that involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of commiting to just one therapy
External attribution
Ascribes (credits) the cause of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints.
For example:
Parents who son banged up their car may blame it on the slippery roads ( external, situational factor)
Or
A friends business fails you may attribute it to economic climate ( external, situational factor)
Psychosomatic diseases
Genuine physical ailments caused in part by physiological factors, especially reactions to stress.
Further explained:
A physical ailment characterized by physiological changes that originate, at least in part, from physiological factors
Somatoform disorders
Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to physiological factors
Although symptoms are more imaginary than real, pts of somatoform disorders are not simply faking illness.
Somatization disorders
Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin.
Pts have an endless succession of minor physical complaints that seem to wax and wane in response to stress, usually occurs in women.
Conversion disorder
Characterized by significant loss of physical function ( with no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system.
Ie: common symptoms, partial or complete loss of vision or hearing, partial paralysis, laryngitis, mutism, loss of feeling or function of limbs…
Hypochondriasis
( hypochondria )
Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses
Schizophrenic disorders
Class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and deterioration of adaptive behaviour
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Behavioural deficits, flattened emotion, apathy, poverty of speech, social withdrawal and impaired attention
Positive symptoms in schizophrenia
Behavioural excesses or peculiarities, hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour & wild flight of ideas.
Avoidant attachment
Seek little contact with mother, often not distressed when she leaves
Anxious-Ambivalent attachment
Appear anxious when mother is near and protest excessively when mother leaves BUT they are NOT particularly comforted when mom returns
Secure attachment
Play comfortable when mom is present, visibly upset when she leaves, quickly calmed when she returns
Identity diffusion
State of rudderless ( aimlessly drifting) apathy. Refusal to chart or commit to a life course
Identity foreclosure
Premature commitment to visions values and roles, typically roles prescribed by ones parents
Identity moratorium
Delaying commitment for a while to experience alternative ideologies and careers
Identity achievement
Arriving at a sense of self and direction
Freuds structure of personality
ID- “primitive, instinctive” component of personality = operates according to PLEASURE
Ego- “decision”making component of personality = operates according to REALITY
( works/ guided by reality principle, seeks to delay gratification of the ID’s urges until appropriate outlets and situations avail)
Superego -“ moral” component of personality = incorporates social standards about what’s wrong and right
Divergent thinking
One try’s to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions
Convergent thinking
Thinking in many different directions.
Narrowing down the list of alternatives to a single correct answer.
Theories of emotion
James -Lang theory
.the perception of visceral arousal leads to the conscious experience of fear.
I feel afraid because I tremble
Theories of emotion
Cannon- Bard
Thalamus sends signals SIMULTANEOUSLY to the cortex
The dog makes me tremble AND feel afraid
Theories of emotion
Sachter’s Two Factor Theory
Experience of emotion depends on two factors
1) autonomic arousal
2) cognitive interpretation of that arousal
Meaning: when you experience that arousal you then search the environment for an explanation
Ie: your taking an exam, you label your arousal as anxiety
The present of testosterone is related to higher levels of sexually activity in…
Both males and females
An example of The facial feedback hypothesis
Acting in a play, practising the Faisal expressions of your character will help you feel the emotions the character needs to display
Evolutionary theories of emotion;
fear is a built in, primary reaction to a dangerous situation
For example:
Your house is on fire and you are shaking
Set point theory postulates:
Those people who have a ______? Set point
Will quickly _____?
Those people that have a -HIGH- set point will quickly - regain any weight they lost-
Those people that have a -LOW- set point will quickly- lose any weight they gain-
According to ENVIRONMENTAL theory of sexual orientation, the origin of homosexuality MIGHT be traced to :
Detached role models
Polygraphs
Polygraphs can detect emotionality that accompanies lying some of the time, but with a HIGHER ERROR RATE
Display rules
Cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions
