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DT2 Exam 2 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

structural abnormalities in schizophrenia

A

overactive limbic-positive symptoms
underactive frontal-negative symptoms
enlargement of lateral ventricles due to cell death and developmental failure

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2
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

hallucinations
delusions
catatonia
agitation

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3
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
flattened affect
apathy
social withdrawal
anhedonia
poverty of thought
poverty of speech
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4
Q

delusions of persecution

A

others are trying to harm, spy on, interfere with affairs of patient

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5
Q

delusions of reference

A

random events have special meaning to patient

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6
Q

delusions of influence

A

belief patient’s thoughts are controlled by outside sources

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7
Q

thought broadcasting

A

patient’s thoughts are being sent directly to an outside source

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8
Q

grandiose delusions

A

patients belief they are elevated in importance; more common in psychotic mania

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9
Q

somatic delusions

A

belief the body has been manipulated in some way; device inserted, body controlled by others

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10
Q

typical treatment for ECT

A

8-14 treatments

2-3x/week under general anesthesia

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11
Q

electrode placement for ECT

A

bitemporal

right unilateral

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12
Q

bilateral electrode placement

A

electrodes midline

used for patients who require faster response or who fail RUL

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13
Q

right unilateral electrode placement

A

one electrode lateral to vertex and other at right temple

administered 6x patient seizure threshold

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14
Q

muscle relaxants in ECT

A

succinylcholine

non-depolarizing (atracurium, rocuronium)

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15
Q

variations in succinylcholine metabolism

A 
severe hepatic disease
nutritional deficiencies
pseudocholinesterase deficiency (prolong apnea)
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16
Q

anesthetics used in ECT

A

methohexital-superior due to low cardiac toxicity
etomidate-adrenal insufficiency decreases use
ketamine-used when maximum stimulus reached without adequate seizure response to barbituates

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17
Q

indications for ECT

A

major depressive disorder-MDD with psychotic features
bipolar disorder-rapid cycling, delirious mania
thought disorder-schizophrenia and schizoaffective
NMS
Parkinson disease

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18
Q

ECT not effective for

A 
anxiety disorders
personality disorders
substance-use disorders
autism spectrum disorders
persistent depressive disorder
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19
Q

contraindications for ECT

A 
no absolute contraindications
relative contraindications
-recent intracranial hemorrhage
-recent thromboembolic stroke
-intracranial lesion causing mass effect
-recent MI
-unstable angina or decompensating heart failure
-unstable vertebral fracture
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20
Q

adverse cognitive effects of ECT

A

postictal disorientation
interictal confusion
memory impairment-anterograde or retrograde amnesia (usually resolved by 6 months)

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21
Q

resolving amnesia in ECT

A

anterograde resolves more quickly

retrograde takes longer-months

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22
Q

other adverse effects of ECT

A

cardiovascular-dysrhythmias, ischemia
headache, nausea, muscle soreness, dental problems
mood switch to mania or mixed state

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23
Q

treatment of mood switch from ECT

A

mood stabilizer

continuing ECT treatment

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24
Q

results of ECT

A

release of monoamine NT (dopamine and serotonin)
desensitizing presynaptic adrenergic autoreceptors
decreased metabolic activity in frontal and cingulate cortex
BDNF induces neurogenesis and sprouting from granule cells in hippocampus

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25
Q

treatment with light therapy

A

seasonal affective disorder

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26
Q

timing of light therapy

A

30 min/day
position 1-2 feet away (don’t stare at it)
max 90/day (increase to 45 min 1-2x)

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27
Q

indications for light therapy

A

not actively suicidal
history of favorable response to light therapy
no history of poor outcome with light therapy

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28
Q

somatization disorder

A

recurring multiple physical complaints before 30 leading to impairment in social, occupational areas
not intentionally produced
>6 months

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29
Q

pain symtpoms in somatization disorder

A

2 GI
1 sexual
1 pseudo neuro

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30
Q

prevalence of somatization disorder

A

1%
10:1 F:M
genetic link-alcoholism, antisocial PD
increased incidence with parental divorce, poverty and alcoholism

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31
Q

treatment of somatization disorder

A

supportive with regular appointment

treat comorbid psychiatric disorders

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32
Q

conversion disorder

A

1 or more symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory symptoms
motor, sensory, convulsions, and mixed presentation

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33
Q

treatment of conversion disorder

A

psychotherapy
treat comorbid psychiatric condition
rule out medical condition

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34
Q

support of diagnosis of conversion disorder

A

stress
not feigned
lack of concern

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35
Q

hypochondriasis

A

reoccupied with fears of serious illness
misinterpretation of bodily symptoms
not delusional intensity

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36
Q

epidemiology of hypochondriasis

A

common in both gender

raised in family with excessive concern about illness

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37
Q

treatment of hypochondriasis

A

avoid unnecessary tests

sympathetic and educational approach is ideal

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38
Q

factitious disorder

A

falsification of physical or psychological sign and symptom or induction of injury or illness associated with identified deception
motivation-assumption of sick role
external incentives are absent

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39
Q

malingering disorder

A

intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated symptoms for external incentives
marked discrepancy in presentation, lack of cooperation
presence of antisocial personality disorder

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40
Q

definition of intellectual disability

A

reduced level of intellectual functioning resulting in diminished ability to adapt to the daily demands of the normal social environment

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41
Q

epidemiology of intellectual disability

A

mild intellectual more common in lower socioeconomic

more severe is evenly distributed

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42
Q

diagnosis of intellectual disability

A

subnormal intellectual functioning (below 70)
adaptive deficits
onset during the developmental period

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43
Q

borderline intellectual disability IQ

A

70-79

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44
Q

mild intellectual disability IQ

A

55-70

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45
Q

moderate intellectual disability IQ

A

35-50

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46
Q

severe intellectual disability IQ

A

20-35

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47
Q

profound intellectual disability IQ

A

<20

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48
Q

adaptive deficits

A 
failure to develop age appropriate skills
communication
self care
social and interpersonal skills
health
work
safety
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49
Q

onset of intellectual disability

A

during developmental period

before age 18

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50
Q

genetic disorders associated with intellectual disabilities

A

Downs syndrome
Prader Willi
Fragile X

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51
Q

characteristics of Downs syndrome

A

many do not live past 40
often placid and adaptive in childhood
neural plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

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52
Q

characteristics of Prader Willi

A

compulsive eating behavior, obesity
hypogonadism, small stature, small hands and feet
often oppositional-defiant

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53
Q

characteristics of Fragile X

A

high rates of ADHD and autism
rapid perseverative speech
most common inherited, 2nd most common genetic after down syndrome
more common in males

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54
Q

PKU

A

inability to convert phenylalanine to paratyrosine because of absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase
diet improves behavior and developmental progress

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55
Q

maternal infections that cause intellectual disorders

A 
rubella
HIV
cytomegalovirus
toxoplasmosis
herpes simplex
syphilis
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56
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

most common preventable cause

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57
Q

perinatal causes of intellectual disability

A

infection-meningitis or encephalitis
trauma
cerebral hypoxia

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58
Q

postnatal causes of intellectual disability

A

infection-meningitis or encephalitis

toxins-lead poisoning

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59
Q

characteristics of mild intellectual disability

A

55-69
may be able to hold a job, learn to read and write
may function independently but need assistance with social or economic stress
language slower but functional development
learn at about 6th grade level

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60
Q

characteristics of moderate intellectual disability

A

35-50
learn basic self care, simple language, function with some independence in a supported and sheltered environment
some impairment in self care
depend and function best in structured and supervised setting

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61
Q

severe and profound intellectual disability

A 
will usually require institutional care
limited or no language
motor impairments more clearly showing CNS damage/maldevelopment 
restricted mobility and incontinence 
likely to have a clear biological cause 
may benefit from habit training
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62
Q

psychiatric disorders in the intellectually disabled

A

higher incidence
mood disorders, schizophrenia, conduct disorder, autism, ADHD
disruptive and conduct disorder more common in mild mental disability
autistic self stim and injury more common in moderate to severe

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63
Q

treatment of intellectual disability

A

supportive and optimized environment
behavior therapy
medications for depression, behavior dyscontrol, psychosis, and other comorbid pathology

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64
Q

changes to autism spectrum disorder in DSM5

A

Retts no longer

now autism spectrum disorder

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65
Q

diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder

A

impairment in reciprocal social interaction
impairments in communication and imaginative activity
markedly restricted range of activities and interests

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66
Q

common social interaction difficulties for ASD

A

lack of social response
lack of eye contact
lack of interest in and response to affection
lack of response to emotion in others

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67
Q

common language abnormalities in ASD

A 
delayed development, sometimes mute
stereotyped and repetitive expression
abnormal inflections and intonations
abnormal use of pronouns
echolalia
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68
Q

restricted activities and interests in ASD

A 
anxiously obsessive insistence on sameness
narrow range of spontaneous activities
limited food tolerances
preference for inanimate objects
stereotyped and repetitive mood behavior
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69
Q

sensory impairments in ASD

A

evidence of tactile defensiveness-hate denim, don’t like tags
super hearing

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70
Q

epidemiology of ASD

A

4:1 M:F

Retts almost exclusively in female

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71
Q

intellect in ASD

A

IQ scores above 70 may be as high as 50%
visuospatial abilities and rote learning skills may be better maintained on IQ than verbal, sequencing, and abstraction skills

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72
Q

level 1 ASD characteristics

A 
require support
awkward social overtures
may have difficulty with back and forth conversations
difficulty switching between activities
problems with organization
Aspergers
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73
Q

level 2 ASD characteristics

A

requiring substantial support
marked problems with verbal and non-verbal communication
very limited, narrow interests
inflexibility in behavior
distress when need to change focus or action

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74
Q

level 3 ASD characteristics

A

requiring very substantial support
severe communication deficits
minimal response to social overtures
inflexibility of behaviors interfere significantly with all daily functions

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75
Q

Rett disorder

A

apparent normal development for first 5 months
deceleration of head growth between 5 and 48 months
loss of social engagement
severely impaired language
severely imparied motor functioning

76
Q

difficulties in ADHD

A

difficulty maintaining and focusing attention

hyperactivity and impulsivity

77
Q

epidemiology of ADHD

A

3x more common in boys

parents have increased incidence of ADHD, sociopathy, alcoholism, learning disorders

78
Q

causal influences in ADHD

A

dopamine receptor pathology

decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolism in frontal lobes

79
Q

symptoms of hyperactivity

A

fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
often leaves seat in school
often runs about or climbs excessively
has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
often on the go or acts as if driven bya motor
talks excessively

80
Q

symptoms of impulsivity

A

often blurts out answers before questions have been completed
often has difficulty awaiting turn
often interrupts or intrudes on others

81
Q

symptoms of inattention

A

fails to give close attention to details
has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
does not follow through on instructions
has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
often loses things
often distracted by extraneous stimuli
forgetful in daily activities

82
Q

predominantly hyperactive-impulsive ADHD

A

6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity

<6 of inattention

83
Q

predominantly inattentive ADHD

A

6 or more symptoms of inattention
<6 of hyperactivity/impulsivity
more often in girls, diagnosed later

84
Q

combined presentation ADHD

A

6 or more of inattention

6 or more of hyperactivity-impulsivity

85
Q

course of ADHD

A

in majority partial remission between 12-20 years of age
hyperactivity is first to diminish
adults continue having learning and impulsivity problems

86
Q

management of ADHD

A

consistency of contingencies and expectation
parental education, support, skill development
behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
instructional support plan

87
Q

specific learning disorder

A

academic functioning lags behind normal expectations based on education and level of intellectual functioning
IQ is at least average
academic performance is generally at least 2 standard deviations behind

88
Q

with impairment in reading

A

word reading accuracy
reading rate or fluency
reading comprehension

89
Q

with impairment in mathematics

A

number sense
memorization of arithmetic facts
accurate or fluent calculation
accurate math reasoning

90
Q

with impairment in writing

A

spelling accuracy
grammar and punctuation accuracy
clarity or organization of written expression

91
Q

prevalence of learning differences

A

2-4x more common in boys

tends to be familial

92
Q

associated features of learning differences

A

poor self esteem
learned helplessness
social difficulties
school refusal/drop out rate

93
Q

co-occurring disorders with learning differences

A

mood disorders
behavior disorders
ADHD

94
Q

management of learning differences

A

specialized instruction and test modifications
additional services
educating patient and family

95
Q

developmental coordination disorder

A

difficulty with acquisition and execution of coordinated movement
not due to intellectual impairment, visual impairment, neurological condition

96
Q

stereotypic movement disorder

A

repetitive, purposeless motor behaivor

interferes with daily functioning

97
Q

tic disorders

A

Tourette’s disorder
persistent motor or vocal tic disorder
provisional tic disorder

98
Q

characteristics of tics

A 
stereotyped motor behaviors or vocal productions
involuntary
sudden
recurrent
nonrhythmic
99
Q

co-occurring disorders

A

ADHD

OCD

100
Q

persistent motor/vocal tic disoder

A

either motor or vocal tic
occur many times/day, nearly everyday
marked distress/impairment

101
Q

Tourette disorder

A

both motor and vocal tics
3x more common in males
mean age of onset is 7 yo

102
Q

medication for Tourette

A

Tenex
clonidine
atypicals
Haldol

103
Q

etiology of Tourette

A

suggestive dopamine dysregulation

motor component implicates nigrostriatal tract

104
Q

language disorder

A

persistent difficulties with acquisition and use across modalities

105
Q

speech sound disorder

A

difficulty with speech sound production

106
Q

childhood onset dysfluency disorder

A

difficulties with fluency and time patterning of speech

107
Q

social communication disorder

A

difficulties with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

108
Q

pica

A

persistent eating of non-food substances for a period of at least 1 month
may come in with GI complaints
common substances-sand, soil, hair, string, cigarette butts, animal droppings, clay, chalk

109
Q

rumination disorder

A

repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least one month, regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed or spit out
can result in weight loss, failure to thrive and death
may be related to early neglect, stressful life situations or problems in parent-child relationship

110
Q

conduct disorder

A

persistent and repetitive pattern of behavior which violates the rights of others or age-appropriate social norms/rules

111
Q

characteristic behaviors of conduct disorder

A

aggression toward animals and people-can include sexual imposition or assault
destruction of property
deceitfulness or theft
serious rules violations

112
Q

personality features of conduct disorder

A

shallowness in relationships and attachments
inability to feel for others (lack of empathy)
impaired capacity for guilt or remorse

113
Q

patterns of onset for conduct disorder

A

childhood before 10

adolescent after 10

114
Q

specifications for conduct disorder

A

lack of remorse/guilt
callous-lack of empathy
unconcerned about performance
shallow or deficient affect

115
Q

family factors for conduct disorder

A 
chaotic home environments, inconsistent enforcement of rules and modeling of antisocial behavior by parents commonly observed
parental psychopathology (antisocial personality and substance abuse) important
116
Q

related problems in conduct disorder

A 
poor school performance
substance abuse
legal problems
learning disorders
antisocial personality
ADHD common
117
Q

treatment for conduct disorder

A

family therapy
psychotherapy-building capacity for relationships, response to social cures
consistent authoritative environment
social skills and assertiveness training

118
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months
lack of more serious violations of the rights of others seen in conduct disorder

119
Q

characteristic behaviors in ODD

A 
argumentative
difficulty managing limits/transitions
short tempered and easily annoyed
can be deliberately annoying
blame others for mistakes or misbehavior
may be spiteful and vindictive
interferes with social relationships-often friendless
120
Q

treatment for ODD

A

counseling or therapy
develop parental skills in behavior management
rule out depression
ADHD medications (mood stabilizers helpful with CD)

121
Q

enuresis

A

repeated voiding of urine during the day or night into bed or clothes whether involuntary or intentional
types-nocturnal, diurnal, both

122
Q

behavioral therapy for enuresis

A

bell and pad

ultrasonic bladder alarm-80% of volume

123
Q

medication for enuresis

A

desmopressin

sympathetic vasopeptide causing temporary suppression rather than a cure

124
Q

encopresis

A

intentional or involuntary passage of stool in inappropriate places
diagnosed after 4 years of age
5:1 M:F
types-with constipation and overflow incontinence
without constipation and overflow incontinence

125
Q

therapy for encopresis

A 
reinforcement of appropriate toileting behavior
use of bathroom after each meal
time-at least 15 min
use of laxatives/enemas
education
biofeedback
126
Q

separation anxiety

A

excessive anxiety in response to separation from major attachment figures or familiar surroundings
unduly persistent or inconsistent with age

127
Q

causes of separation anxiety

A

fear provoking experiences
phobic anxiety modeled by parents
genetic factors

128
Q

characteristics of separation anxiety

A 
conforming and eager to please
prone to nightmares
physical complaints-learned means for avoidance
morbid fears
restricted social lives
129
Q

management of separation anxiety

A

gradually increase tolerance for separation from home and parents
anxiety management-relaxation and cognitive strategies
supportive
SSRI

130
Q

selective mutism

A

persistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speaking is expected despite speaking in other situations

131
Q

management of selective mutism

A

behavioral therapy
family therapy
speech therapy
pharmacological treatments

132
Q

disinhibited social engagement disorder

A

pattern of behavior in which child actively approaches and interacts with adults
not limited to impulsivity but include socially disinhibited behavior
child has experienced patterns of extremes of insufficient care

133
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers
persistent social and emotional disturbance
child has experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care

134
Q

time course for dementia

A

older at diagnosis=faster progression
10 years from diagnosis until death
end stage-average life expectancy is 1 year

135
Q

definition of Alzheimer disease

A

memory loss
short term affected more than remote memory
loss is relatively slow
affects ability to carry out activities of daily living
trouble understanding visual images
changes in planning or solving problems
personality changes

136
Q

no change in activities of daily living with memory loss

A

mild cognitive impairment

137
Q

symptoms of Alzheimers

A 
misplacing things
poor judgment
withdrawal from social activities
confusion with time or place 
unable to communicate
incontinence
unable to feed or dress themselves
fail to recognize family
unable to walk
138
Q

pathology of Alzheimers Disease

A

plaques of beta amyloid-pre clinical

neurofibrillary tangles of tau hyperphosphorylation-synaptic loss and tau accelerate before symptoms appear

139
Q

early stages of Alzheimer

A

learning and memory

140
Q

moderate stages of Alzheimer

A

speech and spatial orientation

141
Q

late stages of Alzheimer

A

unable to communicate

142
Q

predicted decline in Alzheimers

A

preclinical 20 years-biomarkers
mild cognitive impairment 5 years
symptomatic 10 years
death

143
Q

vascular neurocognitive disorders

A

often occurs with Alzheimer
step wise progression
risk factors for vascular disease
diagnosis with CT scan

144
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

symptoms of both dementia and Parkinson Disease
occur together
visual hallucinations and falls
Lewy body-alpha synuclein

145
Q

Picks/Frontotempral dementia

A

abnormal tau=Pick bodies
frontal and temporal areas of brain
rare, younger onset
behavior changes, emotional, language

146
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

too much fluid around the brain
may be reversible with shunt
diagnosed with CT or MRI
Wacky, wet, wobbly

147
Q

infectious causes of neurocognitive disorders

A

HIV
syphilis
Cruetzfeldt-Jakob

148
Q

deficiencies associated with neurocognitive disorders

A

B12
hypothyroidism
thiamine-from chronic alcohol use

149
Q

genetic risk for Alzheimers

A

mutation in amyloid precursor protein
presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 (early onset before 65)
APOE 4 increases risk

150
Q

risk factors for Alzheimers

A 
age-biggest risk factor
family history (younger means higher risk)
hypertension
diabetes
hypercholestrolemia
smoking
151
Q

treatment for Alzheimers

A

don’t affect course of disease
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine (AchE inhibitors)
memantine (N methyl D aspartate receptor inhibitor-glutamate pathway)

152
Q

prevention of Alzheimers

A

antioxidants and omega 3 from good diet
exercise
stay connected-socialize
exercise the brain-learn something new, education
protect the brain-use seat belts, prevent falls

153
Q

definition of delirium

A 
inattention
acute onset or fluctuating 
disorientation
not caused by a pre-existing problem
evidence of an acute medical condition causing it
154
Q

diagnosis of delirium with the confusion assessment method

A

acute onset and fluctuating course and inattention

and either disorganized thinking or altered level of consciousness

155
Q

changes in level of consciousness

A

lethargic
stuporous
comatose
hypervigilant

156
Q

risk factors for delirium

A 
male
over 65
dementia
depression
terminal illness
polypharmacy 
functional impairment
lack of physical activity 
alcohol abuse
vision problems
hearing loss
157
Q

causes of delirium

A 
drugs
electrolyte/endocrine disturbances
lack of drugs-withdrawal from alcohol, benzos
infection
reduced sensory input
urinary, fecal
major organ system issue
158
Q

surgical precipitants of delirium

A 
orthopedic surgery
AAA repair
thoracic surgery 
most often seen on post op 1 or 2
significant blood loss in surgery
159
Q

prevention of delirium

A 
reorient with newspapers
minimize sleep deprivation
walk
water
oxygen
food 
treat pain
prevent constipation
hearing aids/glasses
no restraints
no catheters
160
Q

medication for delirium

A

only for severe cases of agitation when pt is safety risk to self or others, risk of interrupting needed care (attempting self extubation or pulling out IV)
first line-haloperidol
alternate-atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine)
second line-benzo (lorazepam) for alcohol, sedative withdrawal or Parkinsons

161
Q

definition of psychotherapy

A

formal process of interaction between two parties for the purpose of amelioration of distress

162
Q

psychoanalytic psychotherapy

A

change occurs through critical self-examination

163
Q

balance in psychoanalytic psychotherapy

A

balance between drives (id) and defenses (ego/super ego)

164
Q

development of neurosis

A

individual is unable to cope with increased burden of normal development
loss, disappointment leads one to seek comfort/gratification in fantasy world rather than deal with reality
circumstances mimic earlier developmental period, individual responds as they did in an earlier stage

165
Q

therapeutic process in psychoanalytic

A

patient lies on couch looking away from the analyst
free association
therapies listens in non-critical, non-judgmental way, benign interest
therapists values and judgments are excluded
highly controlled-fixed schedule

166
Q

transference

A

inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was appropriate in the patient’s childhood
redirection of feelings and desires and especially those unconsciously retained from childhood towards a new object
analysis leads to resolution of conflict and change

167
Q

countertransference

A

emotional response developed by therapist towards patients based on their own life experiences

168
Q

humanistic-person centered therapy

A

person can set their own goals and monitor their progress towards those goals
actualizing tendency-movement of individual towards reaching their full potential

169
Q

therapeutic process in humanistic

A

person seeking treatment assumes major role for choosing their therapist, determining the frequency of sessions and length of treatment and how they want to use the time within each session
therapist creates environment where they convey genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy (necessary and sufficient for effectiveness)

170
Q

goals of client in humanistic therapy

A

improving self concept, developing self regard
having a locus of evaluation that is internal
living their life in a way that they are open and flexible to experiencing the world-not responding in predetermined, rigid ways

171
Q

behavioral therapy

A

most different from psychoanalytic theory/therapy
commitment to scientific approach
thoughts are not relevant to producing behavioral change

172
Q

concepts of behavioral therapy

A

abnormal behaviors are just problems of living
abnormal behaviors are reinforced in the same way as normal
insight is not essential to produce change

173
Q

applied behavior analysis in behavioral therapy

A

assume behavior is a function of consequences
identify reinforcers that serve to maintain abnormal behaviors
work to restructure the reinforcement schedule/type
behavior will change

174
Q

techniques of behavioral therapy

A 
reinforcement
punishment
extinction
stimulus control
shaping
175
Q

cognitive therapy

A

focus on the importance of information processing
errors in reasoning apparent during times of stress
arise from our individual learning histories
dysfunctional thoughts create and maintain negative mood states

176
Q

therapeutic process in cognitive therapy

A

relationship is collaborative between patient and therapist
clearly defined goals
rely on genuiness, warmth and empathy
initial session includes history taking and development of problem list
set agenda
use socratic dialogue
guided discovery
homework!
work to change automatic thoughts, core beliefs or schema takes longer to change

177
Q

techniques in cognitive therapy

A 
reattribution
redefining
decentering
decatastrophizing
hypothesis testing
exposure therapy
behavioral rehearsal
diversion techniques
activity scheduling
graded task assignment
178
Q

play therapy

A

typically non-directive
therapist follows the child’s lead
dynamic in nature
relationship is critical
play room becomes canvas that children can play out their concerns
therapist works to reflect feelings of child, provide inner voice
rules of playroom-times to start and stop, how materials and people are to be treated, collaborative clean up

179
Q

couples therapy

A

may involve two therapists, each of whom is working with one member of the couple
identification of individual goals and goals for the couple
identification and modification of negative communication patterns

180
Q

communication styles in couples therapy

A 
prepare rebuttal during disagreement
assumptions unchecked
blaming
verbal assaults
silence
181
Q

family therapy therapeutic process

A

problem is identified as the family problem not an individual
communication and problem solving skills are a focus
boundaries may also be a focus

182
Q

minuchin-structural

A

manipulate the family system by varying structure, changing seating, isolating parts of the system

183
Q

group therapy

A

peer support/positive peer pressure can be powerful
process becomes important
people are likely to play the same roles in a group that they play in their outside life
if they can learn new ways of managing things within the group then they may be able to apply them outside the group
therapist is facilitator

184
Q

why does group therapy work

A

relationship

particular strategies/techniques-dismantling studies

185
Q

steps to making a psych diagnosis

A

rule out malingering and factitious disorder
rule out substance etiology
rule out general medical condition
determine which primary psych disorder fits
differentiate specified or unspecified disorder
establish boundary with no mental disorder

DT2 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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