psych 7.1

Question 1

Amnesia

Answer 1

a profound loss of at least one form of memory

Question 2

anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

the inability to form new memories for events occurring after a brain injury

Question 3

attention

Answer 3

selects which information will be passed on to STM (short term memory)

Question 4

central executive

Answer 4

the control centre of working memory; it coordinates attention and the exchange of information among the three storage components

Question 5

chunking

Answer 5

organizing smaller units of info it larger, more meaningful units

Question 6

consolidation

Question 7

control process

Answer 7

shift info from one memory store to another

Question 8

cross-cortical storage

Answer 8

a phenomenon in which long-term declarative memories are distributed throughout the cortex of the brain, rather than being localized in one region

Question 9

declarative (explicit) memory

Answer 9

memories that we are consciously aware of and that can be verbalized, including facts about the world and one’s own personal experiences

Question 10

echoic memory

Answer 10

the auditory form of sensory memory

Question 11

encoding

Answer 11

the process of storing info in the LTM system

Question 12

episodic buffer

Answer 12

a storage component of working memory that combines the images and sounds from the other two components into coherent, story-like episodes

Question 13

episodic memory

Question 14

feature binding

Answer 14

the process of combining visual features into a single unit

Question 15

iconic memory

Question 16

long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 16

holds information for extended periods of time, if not permanently

Question 17

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 17

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 18

memory

Answer 18

collection of several systems that store information in differing amounts of timme

Question 19

nondeclarative (implicit) memories

Answer 19

include actions or behaviours that you can remember and perform without awareness

Question 20

phonological loop

Answer 20

a storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and that stories info as sounds, or an auditory code

Question 21

proactive interference

Answer 21

a process in which the first info learned (e.g., in a list of words) occupies memory, leaving fewer resources to remember the newer info

Question 22

procedure memory

Answer 22

patterns of muscle movements (motor memory)

Question 23

reconsolidation

Question 24

Rehearsal

Answer 24

repeating info until you do not need to remember it anymore

Question 25

retrieval

Answer 25

brings info from LTM back into STM

Question 26

retroactive interference

Answer 26

the most recently learned info overshadows some older memories that have not yet made it into long-term memory

Question 27

retrograde amnesia

Answer 27

a condition in which memory for the events preceding trauma or injury is lost

Question 28

semantic memories

Answer 28

declarative memories that include facts about the world

Question 29

sensory memory

Answer 29

declarative memories that include facts about the world

Question 30

serial position effect

Answer 30

in general, most people will recall the first few items, but only an item or two from the middle

Question 31

shoer-term memory (STM)

Answer 31

a memory store with limited capacity and duration (approximately 30 seconds)

Question 32

storage

Answer 32

the time and manner in which information is retained between encoding and retrieval

Question 33

stores

Answer 33

retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose

Question 34

tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon

Answer 34

when you are able to retrieve similar sounding words or words that start with the same letter but can’t quite retrieve the word you actually want

Question 35

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 35

a storage component of working memory that maintains visual images and spatial layouts in a visuospatial code

Question 36

word-length effect

Answer 36

people remember more one-syllable words than four-or five-syllable words in short-term memory task

Question 37

working memory

Answer 37

a model of short-term remembering that includes a combination of memory components that can temporarily store small amounts of info for a short period of time