psych 8.2

Question 1

Algorithms

Answer 1

problem solving strategies based on a series of rules

Question 2

anchoring affect

Answer 2

occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving numbers and uses previous knowledge to keep (i.e., anchor) the response within a limited range

Question 3

availability heuristic

Question 4

belief perseverance

Answer 4

occurs when an individual believes he or she has the solution to the problem or the correct answer for a question and accepts only evidence that will confirm those beliefs

Question 5

conformation bias

Answer 5

occurs when an individual searches for only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs instead of evidence that might disconfirm them

Question 6

conjunction fallacy

Answer 6

reflects the mistaken belief that finding a specific member in two overlapping categories (i.e., a member of the conjunction of two categories) is more likely than finding any member of one of the larger, general categories

Question 7

functional fixedness

Answer 7

occurs when an individual identifies an object or technique that could potentially solve a problem, but can think of only its most obvious function

Question 8

Heuristics

Answer 8

problem-solving strategies that stem from prior experiences and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution

Question 9

mental set

Answer 9

a cognitive obstacle that occurs when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is actually a new type of problem

Question 10

problem solving

Answer 10

accomplishing a goal when the solution or the path to the solution is not clear

Question 11

Representative heuristic

Answer 11

making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category