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From Flashcardlet > Psych exam 1 notes > Flashcards

Psych exam 1 notes Flashcards

0
Q

What are the kinds of natural observation

A

Watching behavior as it occurs, surveys and interviews, case studies

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1
Q

What is natural observation

A

Observe the world and try to deduce regularities

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2
Q

What are the problems with correlations

A

You can never did deduce causation from correlation, directionality, and third factor

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3
Q

What is an independent variable

A

The The variable being manipulated by the experiment

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4
Q

What is a Dependent variable

A

The variable that measures the participants response

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5
Q

If anything other than the independent variable that is changing is a potential

A

Cofounding variable

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6
Q

What is social psychology

A

Examines the influence of social processes on the ways in which people think, feel and behave

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7
Q

What is social cognition

A

The process by which people make sense of themselves, others, social interactions and friendships

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8
Q

What are attributions

A

The processes of inferring the causes of one it’s own and others’ mental states and behaviors

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9
Q

What is an internal (dispositional) attribution

A

Attributes of the person caused the behavior includes character, motives and abilities of the actor

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10
Q

What is an Extertal attribution

A

(Situational) blaming the causation of something on the situation

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11
Q

Which type of attributions are more common in individualistic cultures

A

Internal

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12
Q

Which type of attributions are more common in collectivist cultures

A

External

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13
Q

What are the three factors involved in choosing between internal and external attribution

A

Consistency- how often it happens, distinctiveness- out of the norm, consensus- how often is this behavior to others

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14
Q

But is the three-step process of making attribution

A

One: categorized behavior (internal or external), two: categorize the personality, three: adjust for the situation

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15
Q

What is a confirmation bias

A

Getting more weight to ideas that support your view

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16
Q

What is discounting

A

Ignoring behaviors that have several possible causes

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17
Q

What is augmentation

A

Internal factors that are weighted more heavily on the situation makes the behavior unlikely

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18
Q

What is an attributional bias

A

Hey cognitive shortcut for making an attribution that generally occurs outside of awareness

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19
Q

What is a fundamental attribution error

A

(Correspondence bias): overestimating Internal factors and under estimating external factors in making attributions about the behavior of others

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20
Q

What is the actor observer bias

A

Underestimating internal factors and overestimate external factors making attributions about one’s own behavior

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21
Q

What is a self-serving bias

A

Attributing one’s own failures to external causes and once own successes to internal causes

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22
Q

What is a just world attribution

A

Assumes people get what they deserve

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23
Q

What is cognitive dissonance

A

The discomfort caused by a perceived conflict between an attitude and behavior

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24
Q

What are group norms

A

Shared beliefs that are enforced through it groups use of penalties

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25
Q

What was the Asch study

A

One real person the rest Confederates how to pick an answer and chose the wrong one because everyone else chose that answer

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26
Q

What are the social influences from weakest to strongest

A

Conformity, compliance and obedience

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27
Q

What is normative social influence

A

We can form because we want to be liked or thought of positively

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28
Q

Whom do collectivist cultures conform and not conform to

A

We can for more to their families classmates and close friends and fellow workers but less with people with whom they don’t share close interpersonal bonds with

29
Q

What is the foot in the door approach

A

Asking for something small and then working up from there

30
Q

What is the lowball technique

A

Getting someone to agree than increasing the cost

31
Q

What is the door in the face technique

A

Start with a very large request which is denied as expected make in compliance with the second smaller request more likely

32
Q

Things that increase compliance

A

Scarcity, reciprocity, social validation and authority

33
Q

What was the Milgrim study

A

College student was a teacher the Confederate was a student and the student made a mistake you had to shock him

34
Q

What is motivated social cognition

A

Thinking about the social world in ways that serve an emotional need such as when people hold believes that make them feel less anxious

35
Q

What is Group polarization

A

The tendency of the group members opinions to become more extreme after group discussion

36
Q

what is Groupthink

A

The tendency of people trying to solve problems to except each other’s information and ideas uncritically

37
Q

What Implies attraction

A

Proximity, interpersonal rewards, similarity

38
Q

Does the halo effect

A

Beautiful is good

39
Q

What is liking

A

Affection, respect, and approval

40
Q

What is love

A

Attachment, intimacy, and mutual concern

41
Q

What is Sternberg’s triangle model of love

A

Sternberg says that love is made up of intimacy, passion, and commitment

42
Q

Seven types of love

A

Passion: infatuation
Intimacy: liking
Commitment: empty love
Passion and intimacy: romantic love
Passion and commitment: fatuous love
Intimacy and commitment: companionate love
Passion, Intimacy, and Commitment: consummate love

43
Q

What is biopsychology

A

Looking directly at biological processes involved in behavior

44
Q

What is the nervous system

A

Network of connections linking your nuerons to each other

45
Q

What is environmental retardation

A

Lack of stimulation

46
Q

What are Sensory neurons

A

To take info from the World and send it to the brain

47
Q

Motor neurons

A

Control the body

48
Q

What are interneurons

A

They talk to each other about thinking, imagining, and reasoning

49
Q

What type of neuron is faster

A

Myelinated

50
Q

What is Plasticity

A

The brain can change its function part is damaged

51
Q

What are mirror neurons

A

They are activated when an organism engages in behavior or observes another engaging in that behavior

52
Q

What do sensory neurons do

A

They carry info from receptor cells to the central nervous system

53
Q

What do afferent neurons do

A

They carry signals to the brain

54
Q

What do motor neurons do

A

Carry information from the central nervous system to muscles, glands to organs

55
Q

What do efferent neurons do

A

Carry signals from the brain

56
Q

What do dendrites do

A

They receive messages from other cells

57
Q

What does an axon do

A

Passes messages on to other neurons

58
Q

What does the cell body do

A

(Soma): provides life support from the nueron

59
Q

What does it mean when a neuron is fired

A

And impulse (a molecule of neurotransmitters or nueromodulator) from a sending neuron (the presynaptic neuron) is absorbed by a receptor on the dendrites or the soma of receiving neuron

60
Q

What is the receiving neuron called

A

Postsynaptic neuron

61
Q

What does excitatory mean?

A

Makes the receiving postsynaptic neuron more likely to generate an impulse (the action potential) down the axon

62
Q

What does inhibitory mean

A

The receiving postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an impulse (the action potential) down the axon

63
Q

what is the heratiabillity ratio

A

stats about a population for genetics

64
Q

what is a concordance rate

A

how similar two people are at some dimension

65
Q

what is behavior genetics?

A

study of human differences and the relative effects of heredity and enviorment

66
Q

what are the types of gene environment interactions

A

passive- passively receives genes and environment
evocative/reactive- reaction to the world to a person based on that persons characteristics
active- when a person chooses aspects of the environment based on their characteristics

67
Q

what are set point and reaction range?

A

reaction range- inherited range for a characteristic

set point- the final value of the characteristic which is set by the enviorment

68
Q

what is endogenous

A

in our head naturally

69
Q

what do spinal internuerons do

A

release endorphins

70
Q

what are all the parts of the brain and what do they control

A 
occipital- vision
temporal- memories
partietial- spatial processes and sematosensory strip
frontal- speech, emotion
left- positive emotions 
right- negative emotions

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