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PSYCH 208 > PSYCH first exam > Flashcards

PSYCH first exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological approach?

A

Consists of 5 levels:

  • Level 1: Microsystems- direct influences; interactions in daily life
  • Level 2: Mesosystems- relationships between microsystems; connections and interactions that have indirect impacts on adolescents
  • Level 3: Ecosystem- institutions or organizations in the community
  • Level 4: Macrosystem- features of the broader society such as social norms and culture
  • Level 5: Chronosystem- the passage of time including historical changes and impact development
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2
Q

What is the core belief about Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?

A
  • Behavior throughout life motivated by inner unconscious forces, stemming from childhood.
  • ID, Superego, Ego
  • Psychosexual stages
  • Childhood
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3
Q

Define Lifespan Development

A

Field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior throughout the lifespan

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4
Q

What type of theory is attributed to Vygotsky?

A

Sociocultural Theory:

  • Transmission of culture to new generation
  • Social interaction needed to learn culture
  • Importance of language
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5
Q

What is the theory behind cognitive development?

A

Emphasis on how changes or growth in the ways people know, understand, and think about the world affect behavior

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6
Q

How is personality development defined?

A

Development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the lifespan

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7
Q

How is social development defined?

A

The way in which individuals interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life

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8
Q

What is the evolutionary perspective?

A

The theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors

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9
Q

What are Piaget’s two basic principles of child development?

A
  • Assimilation: process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
  • Accomodation: process that changes existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with new stimuli or events
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10
Q

What type of learning is “modeling”?

A

Social cognitive learning theory

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11
Q

What is “nature” in relation to development?

A
  • Nature refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one’s parents
  • Maturation: the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
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12
Q

Who was behind the theory of self-actualization?

A

Abraham Maslow

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13
Q

What is the “behavioral perspective”?

A

The approach suggesting that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment

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14
Q

What is the sociocultural theory?

A

The approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture

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15
Q

The study of “physical development” focuses on what?

A

Development involving the body’s physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink and sleep

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16
Q

What does “cognitive neuroscience” study?

A

Consider internal, mental processes, but they focus specifically on the neurological activity that underlies thinking, problem solving, and other cognitive behavior.

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17
Q

What is Freud’s theory of psychosexual development about?

A

A series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, focuses on a particular biological function and body part

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18
Q

What is the “rooting” reflex?

A

Neonates tendency to turn its head toward things that touch its cheek

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19
Q

What happens during “puberty”?

A
  • Growth spurts, voice change, sex organs mature

- Happens earlier in women than men.

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20
Q

What is the “androgen” hormone?

A

male sex hormone

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21
Q

What is “primary aging”?

A

Aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that, due to genetic programming occur as people get older

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22
Q

What is “osteoporosis”?

A

A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile and thin, often brought about by the lack of a calcium in the diet

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23
Q

What are “secondary sex characteristics”?

A

-The visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs
=Example in girls: development of breast and pubic hair
-Examples in boys: pubic hair, facial hair, and voice becomes deeper

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24
Q

What is “secondary aging”?

A

Changes in physical and cognitive functioning that are due to illness, health habits, and other individual differences, but that are not due to increased age itself and are not inevitable

25
Q

What is a “rhythm”?

A

Repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior

26
Q

What is “sleep-wake transition”?

A
  • Behaviors of both wakefulness and sleep are evident
  • Generalized motor activity, eyes may be closed, or they open and close rapidly
  • State occurs when baby is awakening
27
Q

What are “cataracts”?

A

Cloudy or opaque areas of the lens of eye that interfere with passing light

28
Q

What is a “state”?

A

Degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external stimulation

29
Q

What is the “moro” reflex?

A

Activated when support for the neck and head is suddenly removed.

30
Q

What are “primary sex characteristics”?

A
  • Characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction
  • Examples in girls: changes in vagina and uterus
  • Examples in boys: growth in penis, and sperm
31
Q

What happens during the REM stage of sleep?

A
  • Rapid eye movement

- Eyes move back and forth

32
Q

What is “perception”?

A

The sorting out interpretation, analysis and integration of stimuli involving the sense organs and brain

33
Q

What is the meaning of “functional age”?

A

Measure of a person’s ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age

34
Q

When is the greatest increase in height and growth?

A

Greatest increase of height and weight is in the first 2 years of life

35
Q

Review “Young”, “Young Old” “Old Old, “Oldest Old”?

A
  • Young: 20-65
  • Young old: 65-74
  • Old old: 75-84
  • Oldest old: 85-older
36
Q

What is “SIDS”?

A

A disorder in which seemingly healthy infants die in their sleep (sudden infant death syndrome)

37
Q

What is dementia?

A

Most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning

38
Q

What does it mean to have a “coping style”?

A

General tendency to deal with stress in a particular way

39
Q

What is “menopause”?

A

The cessation of menstruation

40
Q

What defines “obesity”?

A

Weight greater than 20% above average for a given age and height

41
Q

What is “emotion-focused coping”?

A

The conscious regulation of emotion

42
Q

What is “bulimia”?

A

An eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives

43
Q

What is “Alzheimer’s disease?

A

A progressive brain disorder that produces loss of memory and confusion

44
Q

What is “secondary appraisal”?

A

A person’s answer to the question, “Can i handle it?” an assessment of whether the coping abilities and resources on hand are adequate

45
Q

How is “coping” defined?

A

The effort to control, reduce or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress

46
Q

What is “primary appraisal”?

A

An individual’s assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative or neutral

47
Q

What is “social support”?

A

Assistance and comfort supplied by others

48
Q

What is a “Type B” personality?

A

Behavior characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience and a lack of aggression

49
Q

What is “problem-focused coping”?

A

Managing a threatening situation by directly changing it to make it less stressful

50
Q

What is “defensive coping”?

A

Unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation

51
Q

What is a “psychosomatic disorder”?

A

Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties

52
Q

What is the “female climacteric”?

A

The period that marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so

53
Q

What is “Type A” behavior?

A

Behavior characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility

54
Q

What is “anorexia nervosa”?

A

A severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal or out of the ordinary

55
Q

What is “osteoporosis”?

A

A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile and thin often brought about by the lack of calcium in the diet

56
Q

Review the risks of health and well-being for infants

A
  • Common cold
  • Activity / curiosity
  • Accidents
  • SIDS
  • Lead poisoning
57
Q

What is “child-proofing”?

A

Homes and classrooms with electrical outlet covers and child locks on cabinets

58
Q

Review lead poison dangers and implications.

A

Unsafe levels of lead can affect the developing of the brain

PSYCH 208 (1 decks)

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