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PSYCH LF PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY

Sought to analyze the adult mind defined as the sum total of experiences from birth to present in terms of the simplest definable components.

“Physical Framework”
“Analyze Consciousness”
“mental processes”
“consciousness=introspection”

A

Structuralism

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2
Q

Two person involved in Structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt

Edward Titchner

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3
Q

Who coined the term structuralism?

A

Edward Titchner

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4
Q

Self observation of One’s own experience

A

Introspection

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5
Q

It is the process of examining and measuring mental activities.

Developed by Wilhelm Wundt

A

Objective Introspection

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6
Q

Father of Scientific Psychology

Established the first psychological laboratory in the university of Leipzig, Germany

Founded Psychology as a scientific discipline

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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7
Q

States that the mind is made up of building blocks in the form of various types of sensation and perception and these building blocks could be discovered through introspection ( looking into one’s own mind )

A

STRUCTURALISM

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8
Q

SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY

“EVOLUTIONARY FRAMEWORK”

Developed in the U.S

Study how the mind works so that an organism can adapt to and function on its environment.

A

FUNCTIONALISM

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9
Q

What is functionalism’s most important contribution?

A

Changing the focus of psychology to

Learning
Motivation
Thinking

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10
Q

He objected structuralism and believed that psychology should focus on reflexes or behaviors instead of internal or mental event.

A

William James

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11
Q

Founder of functionalism which investigates the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure.

A

William James

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12
Q

The ability of the mind to make a body work ( conciseness x behavior )

A

Functionalism

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13
Q

Keyword : “unconscious”

A

Psychoanalysis

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14
Q

Two personalities associated with Psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

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15
Q

States that libido is not only sex drive but also will to succeed.

A

Carl Jung

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16
Q

Famous physician and psychiatrist who attempted to find the cause and cure of personality disorders.

Postulated the existence of UNCONSCIOUS MENTAL PROCESS

“LIBIDO”

His theories emphasized the importance of unconscious mind, childhood experience, dreams and symbolism

A

SIGMUND FREUD

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE LEVELS OF CONCIOUSNESS

A

CONSCIOUS
PRE CONSCIOUS
UNCONSCIOUS

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18
Q

STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  • DEALS WITH REALITY
A

EGO (conscious)

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19
Q

STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  • deals with VALUES and IDEALS
A

superego (preconscious and unconscious)

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20
Q

STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS:

deals with PRIMAL URGES (instincts)

A

ID (preconscious and unconscious)

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21
Q

Sigmund’s method of treatment is called ________ which emphasizes the free association.

A

PSYCHOANALYSIS or PSYCHOTHERAPY

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22
Q

Patient freely associate on his thoughts and experiences and with the help of psychiatrist analyzes the causes of difficulties.

A

PSYCHOANALYSIS

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23
Q

States that personality develops through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure seeking energies of the ID become focused on certain erogenous areas.

A

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

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24
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT:

Characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation.

A

Erogenous Zone

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25
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT:

birth to one year

mouth

A

ORAL STAGE

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26
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1 - 3 years

bowel and bladder control

A

ANAL STAGE

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27
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

3-6 years

genitals

learn the difference between male and female

sexuality

A

PHALLIC STAGE

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28
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

sexual feelings are inactive

puberty

A

LATENT PERIOD

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29
Q

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Puberty to death

maturing sexual interest

A

GENITAL STAGE

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30
Q

POSTULATED DEFENSE MECHANISMS

A

Anna Freud

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31
Q

Any group of mental processes that enables the mind to reach compromise solutions to conflicts that is unable to resolve.

A

Defense Mechanisms

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32
Q

What are the three clusters of defense mechanisms

A

NARCISSISTIC
IMMATURE
ANXIETY/ NEUROTIC

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33
Q

What are defense mechanism under NARCISSISTIC CLUSTER

A

PROJECTION
DENIAL
SPLITTING

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34
Q

“all good or all bad”
“black or white; no grays”

  • The nurses from the day shift are great
    The nurses from the night shift sucks.
A

SPLITTING

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35
Q

The conscious refusal to perceive that painful facts exist.

“avoid becoming aware of painful reality”

Ex. Not accepting the fact that she is diagnosed with cancer

A

DENIAL

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36
Q

Attribute feelings or thoughts to someone else.

A form of defense mechanism in which unwanted feelings are displaced onto another person, where they appear as a threat form the external world.

Ex. “ I don’t like a boy named Mike, and I say “ I know that dude hates me, I know it! “

A

PROJECTION

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37
Q

What are the defense mechanism under IMMATURE

A

BLOCKING
REGRESSION
SOMATIZATION
INTROJECTION

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38
Q

PSYCH PROBLEM BECOMES PHYSICAL

“I had a terrible headache during the exam “

A

SOMATIZATION

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39
Q

UNCONSCIOUS IMITATION

” The physician acts and dresses like the attending physician he admires the most “

A

INTROJECTION

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40
Q

TEMPORARY INABILITY TO REMEMBER

” I don’t remember his name, It’s on the tip of my tongue”

A

Blocking

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41
Q

A return to earlier stages of development and abandoned forms of gratification belonging to them, prompted by dangers or conflicts arising at one of the later stages. (going back to a child like stage)

“My 7 years old is bedwetting again, since he found out he is having a sister”

A

REGRESSION

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42
Q

DEFENSE MECHANISMS UNDER ANXIETY

A 
ACTING OUT
DISPLACEMENT
DISSOCIATION
UNDOING
REPRESSION
RATIONALIZATION
REACTION FORMATION
ISOLATION EFFECT
INTELLECTUALIZATION
PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE
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43
Q

The redirection of an impulse usually aggression onto a powerless substitute target.

Addressing threatening feelings to less threatening people or objects.

“My dad was angry with my mother, and started yelling to my baby sister”

A

Displacement

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44
Q

The withdrawal from consciousness of an unwanted idea, affect or desire by pushing it down or repressing it into unconscious part of the mind. (subduing/not addressing the problem)

A

REPRESSION

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45
Q

Reality accepted without emotional response.

A

Isolation of affect.

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46
Q

Use of intellectual processes to avoid affective expression.

A

Intellectualization.

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47
Q

The cognitive distortion of the facts to make an event or an impulse less threatening. ROBIN HOOD MENTALITY

ex. I did not pass the exam cause it is way more difficult than the other years.

A

Rationalization

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48
Q

Emotional outburst.
Covers up reality.

TEMPER TANTRUMS

A

Acting Out

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49
Q

Unacceptable impulse turned into opposite.

Ex. Pyromaniac becomes a firefighter.

A

Reaction Formation

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50
Q

The ACTION of reaction formation.
Acting Out the reverse of the unacceptable behavior.

Ex. Pyromaniac putting down fire.

A

Undoing

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51
Q

Unconscious passive hostility.

ex. She agreed to share notes with me but after class, she went straight home.

A

Passive Aggressive

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52
Q

Separate from one’s experience;
Like outer body experience

Ex. When woman was being raped, she felt like watching it from above

A

Dissociation

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53
Q

Expression of thoughts or feelings without discomfort

Ex. Im gonna die forever alone HAHAHA

A

Humor

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54
Q

Healthiest of Mechanism.

Diversion of INSTINCTUAL drives, usually sexual ones, into non instinctual channels. (Conversion of something negative to positive)

Ex. Pyromaniac starts working in a special fx company where he can blow things up.

A

Sublimation

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55
Q

Conscious forgetting.

Ex. I’d rather forget that my dog was ran over by a car.

A

Suppression

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56
Q

Any physiological service provided by a trained personnel that primarily uses forms of communication and interaction to ASSESS, DIAGNOSE, AND TREAT dysfunctional emotions, thinking and behavior.

A

PSYCHOTHERAPY

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57
Q

Psychotherapy / Psychoanalysis was invented by?

A

Sigmund Freud

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58
Q

A pxt’s displacement or projection ONTO the ANALYST of those unconscious feelings originally directed toward important individuals (parents) in the pxt’s childhood.

A

TRANSFERENCE

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59
Q

The therapist’s unconscious rxn’s to the pxt’s transference.

A

Countertransference

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60
Q

Personalities involved in Gestalt Psychology

A

Koffka
Kohler
Wertheimer

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61
Q

believed that behavior is not determined by their individual elements but from the nature of the whole.

A

Max Wertheimer

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62
Q

States that the WHOLE is greater than the sum of its parts.

A

Wolfgang Kohler

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63
Q

It is the foundation of modern perception studies.
it focuses on the pattern formed by stimuli.

it means FORM, STRUCTURE and PATTERN

A

Gestalt psychology

64
Q

Three people associated with BRHAVIORISM

A

John B. Watson
B.F Skinner
Ivan Pavlov

65
Q

Pioneer of Behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

66
Q

Study behavior without reference to consciousness.

Suggest that behavior can be explained by environmental causes.

A

Behaviorism

67
Q

Is a result of interaction bet. the individual and the environment.

A

Personality

68
Q

He Primarily supported behaviorism.

He argued that psychologist should only use “objective” methods and that their observations and measurements should be in form which could be verified or checked by other psychologist.

A

John B. Watson

69
Q

He proposed OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

B.F SKINNER

70
Q

Actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future.

Conversely,

Actions that result in “Punishment” or “Undesirable consequences” will be weakened and less likely to occur again.

A

OPERANT CONDITIONING

71
Q

Proposed Classical Conditioning

A

IVAN PAVLOV

72
Q

A type of conditioned learning which occurs because of the subject’s instinctive response.

A

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

73
Q

“REWARD SYSTEM”

by B.F SKINNER

A

OPERANT CONDITIONING

74
Q

An active behavior that operates upon the environment to generate consequences.

A

OPERANT

75
Q

Any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows.

A

Reinforcement

76
Q

Type of reinforcement where a behavior is strengthened by removal of something unpleasant.

A

Negative Reinforcement

77
Q

Type of reinforcement where a response is strengthened by the addition of praise/reward.

A

Positive Reinforcement

78
Q

the presentation of an outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows.

A

punishment

79
Q

type of punishment that presents an unfavorable outcome in order to weaken the response it follows.

A

positive punishment

80
Q

Type of punishment that Occurs when a favorable outcome is removed after behavior occurs

A

Negative Punishment

81
Q

Experiment of B.F skinner

“environment is everything”
“changing the environment will change the individual”

A

Skinner Box

82
Q

B.F skinner was able to demonstrate how one can modify behavior through a process he called: _____________

A

SHAPING

83
Q

Ivan Pavlov’s experiment involving stimulus and response

A

Pavlov’s Dog

84
Q

Anything that exist in the surrounding / that is presented.

A

Stimulus

85
Q

The reaction to that stimulus

A

Response

86
Q

In Pavlov’s Experiment, the MEAT is the _________ which produces the NATURAL response or reaction.

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

87
Q

Anything in the environment that produces a reaction that’s not a learned reaction is called?

“Something you don’t need to learn”

Ex. Getting sick after being exposed to bacteria/virus/ pain after being pricked

A

Unconditioned Stimulus

88
Q

The reaction to an UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

Unconditioned Response (UR)

89
Q

Identify what is the US and UR

Getting exposed to virus _____
Getting sick _______

A

US

UR

90
Q

Pavlov’s experiment:

Pavlov rang a bell and the dog did not have a response to the bell.

The bell is the?

A

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

91
Q

It does not produce a response.

A

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

92
Q

Pavlov presented the meat to the dog and rang the bell at the same time, so the dog would associate the bell with the meat.

Eventually the dog will salivate with the sound of the bell.

___________ is the part when the US and CS are presented together. This increases the likelihood of a conditioned response. It is the part when the CONDITIONED RESPONSE is learned

A

ACQUISITION

93
Q

Eventually, Pavlov took the meat away and just rang the bell by itself. The dog learned to salivate to the sound of the bell.

At this point, the bell is no longer the Neutral Stimulus because it produces a reaction. It is now the ________

A

Conditioned Stimulus

94
Q

At this point, Pavlov has taught his dog to salivate at the sound of the bell. The dog salivation response to the bell is the _________

A

Conditioned Response

95
Q

“This is the 25th time you rang the bell and there is no meat! I’m not falling for this joke anymore — Pavlov’s Dog”

_______ is when the conditioned response stops because the conditioned stimulus hadn’t been presented to unconditioned stimulus for awhile.

A

Extinction

96
Q

“Ok. I stopped salivating the last 50 times you rang the bell. But hopefully #51 is a charm and you will show me the meat — dog”

__________ is when the conditioned stimulus (bell) produces the conditioned response after the behavior has been extinct.

A

Spontaneous recovery

97
Q

It is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentation.

A

HABITUATION

98
Q

Person behind Cognitivism

A

Jean Piaget

99
Q

Explore mental processes and studies how the human brain works:

How we think
Remember
Learn
Acquire info, store and process it

A

Cognitivism

100
Q

In contrast with behaviorism.

Cognitivism focused on __________ or _____________ such as mental processes.

A

Unobservable Processes or COVERT behavior

101
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________
0-2 years.

Children gather information about the world by their eyes, nose, ears, skin, mouth.

They also learn to move around.

A

Sensorimotor Stage

102
Q

In sensorimotor stage, what do you call when infants don’t recognize that objects still exist even though you can’t see them.

A

OBJECT PERMANENCE

103
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________

2-7 years

“mental operations”
Imagining things / mentally reversing action

PRETEND PLAY
use SYMBOLS
learn how to TALK

A

Pre-operational stage

104
Q

In pre operational stage.

What do you call when children don’t understand that other people have different point of view than they do.

A

EGOCENTRIC

105
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________
7-11 years

“idea of conservation”
children can identify that the two glasses has the same amount of water.

A

Concrete Operational Stage

106
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
12 years to adulthood
Able to reason out ABSTRACT concepts
Think of CONSEQUENCES of their actions
Moral reasoning begins to develop
A

Formal Operational Stage

107
Q

Three people involved in HUMANISM

A

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
George Kelly

108
Q

Humanism emphasized the unique quality of humans:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Free will
  2. Growth
  3. Self Actualization
109
Q

A type of conditioned learning which occurs because of the subject’s instinctive response.

A

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

110
Q

“REWARD SYSTEM”

by B.F SKINNER

A

OPERANT CONDITIONING

111
Q

An active behavior that operates upon the environment to generate consequences.

A

OPERANT

112
Q

Any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows.

A

Reinforcement

113
Q

Type of reinforcement where a behavior is strengthened by removal of something unpleasant.

A

Negative Reinforcement

114
Q

Type of reinforcement where a response is strengthened by the addition of praise/reward.

A

Positive Reinforcement

115
Q

the presentation of an outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows.

A

punishment

116
Q

type of punishment that presents an unfavorable outcome in order to weaken the response it follows.

A

positive punishment

117
Q

Type of punishment that Occurs when a favorable outcome is removed after behavior occurs

A

Negative Punishment

118
Q

Experiment of B.F skinner

“environment is everything”
“changing the environment will change the individual”

A

Skinner Box

119
Q

B.F skinner was able to demonstrate how one can modify behavior through a process he called: _____________

A

SHAPING

120
Q

Ivan Pavlov’s experiment involving stimulus and response

A

Pavlov’s Dog

121
Q

Anything that exist in the surrounding / that is presented.

A

Stimulus

122
Q

The reaction to that stimulus

A

Response

123
Q

In Pavlov’s Experiment, the MEAT is the _________ which produces the NATURAL response or reaction.

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

124
Q

Anything in the environment that produces a reaction that’s not a learned reaction is called?

“Something you don’t need to learn”

Ex. Getting sick after being exposed to bacteria/virus/ pain after being pricked

A

Unconditioned Stimulus

125
Q

The reaction to an UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

Unconditioned Response (UR)

126
Q

Identify what is the US and UR

Getting exposed to virus _____
Getting sick _______

A

US

UR

127
Q

Pavlov’s experiment:

Pavlov rang a bell and the dog did not have a response to the bell.

The bell is the?

A

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

128
Q

It does not produce a response.

A

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

129
Q

Pavlov presented the meat to the dog and rang the bell at the same time, so the dog would associate the bell with the meat.

Eventually the dog will salivate with the sound of the bell.

___________ is the part when the US and CS are presented together. This increases the likelihood of a conditioned response. It is the part when the CONDITIONED RESPONSE is learned

A

ACQUISITION

130
Q

Eventually, Pavlov took the meat away and just rang the bell by itself. The dog learned to salivate to the sound of the bell.

At this point, the bell is no longer the Neutral Stimulus because it produces a reaction. It is now the ________

A

Conditioned Stimulus

131
Q

At this point, Pavlov has taught his dog to salivate at the sound of the bell. The dog salivation response to the bell is the _________

A

Conditioned Response

132
Q

“This is the 25th time you rang the bell and there is no meat! I’m not falling for this joke anymore — Pavlov’s Dog”

_______ is when the conditioned response stops because the conditioned stimulus hadn’t been presented to unconditioned stimulus for awhile.

A

Extinction

133
Q

“Ok. I stopped salivating the last 50 times you rang the bell. But hopefully #51 is a charm and you will show me the meat — dog”

__________ is when the conditioned stimulus (bell) produces the conditioned response after the behavior has been extinct.

A

Spontaneous recovery

134
Q

It is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentation.

A

HABITUATION

135
Q

Person behind Cognitivism

A

Jean Piaget

136
Q

Explore mental processes and studies how the human brain works:

How we think
Remember
Learn
Acquire info, store and process it

A

Cognitivism

137
Q

In contrast with behaviorism.

Cognitivism focused on __________ or _____________ such as mental processes.

A

Unobservable Processes or COVERT behavior

138
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________
0-2 years.

Children gather information about the world by their eyes, nose, ears, skin, mouth.

They also learn to move around.

A

Sensorimotor Stage

139
Q

In sensorimotor stage, what do you call when infants don’t recognize that objects still exist even though you can’t see them.

A

OBJECT PERMANENCE

140
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________

2-7 years

“mental operations”
Imagining things / mentally reversing action

PRETEND PLAY
use SYMBOLS
learn how to TALK

A

Pre-operational stage

141
Q

In pre operational stage.

What do you call when children don’t understand that other people have different point of view than they do.

A

EGOCENTRIC

142
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: ___________
7-11 years

“idea of conservation”
children can identify that the two glasses has the same amount of water.

A

Concrete Operational Stage

143
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development:

Stage: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
12 years to adulthood
Able to reason out ABSTRACT concepts
Think of CONSEQUENCES of their actions
Moral reasoning begins to develop
A

Formal Operational Stage

144
Q

Three people involved in HUMANISM

A

Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
George Kelly

145
Q

Humanism emphasized the unique quality of humans:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Free will
  2. Growth
  3. Self Actualization
146
Q

RECITE MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM

A 
SELF ACTUALIZATION
ESTEEM
LOVE/BELONGING
SAFETY
PHYSIOLOGICAL (most important)
147
Q

MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Breathing
Food and Water
Sex
Sleep
Homeostasis, Excretion
A

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

148
Q

MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Security of :

Body
Employment, Property, Resources
Family, Morality,
Health

A

Safety Needs

149
Q

MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Friendship
Family
Sexual Intimacy

A

Love / Belonging

150
Q

MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Self Esteem
Confidence
Achievement
Self respect
Respect to others
A

Esteem

151
Q

MASLOW’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Morality
Creativity
Spontaneity
Problem solving
Lack of prejudice
Acceptance of facts
A

Self Actualization

152
Q

it is concerned with the FULLEST GROWTH of the individual in the areas of LOVE, SELF WORTH, FULFILLMENT and AUTONOMY.

“Person’s Becoming”

A

Humanism

153
Q

Theory under humanism:

In this theory by Carl Rogers, he stressed that in the development of individual’s personality, the person strives for “self-actualization” or becoming oneself, “self maintenance” to keep on being oneself and “self enhancement” to transcend the status quo.

A

Self Centered Theory

154
Q

Accdg. to this theory by George Kelly, individuals are said to perceive the world accdg. to their own experiences.
The perception affects their personality and leads them to direct their behavior to satisfy the needs of oneself.

A

Personal Construct

155
Q

He discovered the Phenomenological Approach where he focuses on the SUBJECTIVE and personal experience of events known as INDIVIDUAL PHENOMENOLOGY.

most unscientific and difficult to measure
Being objective of human experiences

A

George Kelly’s Phenomenological Approach

LF (10 decks)

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