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Psych > PsychExam4 > Flashcards

PsychExam4 Flashcards

1
Q

Barnum effect

A

This effect can give broad information and people will think it relates to them.

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2
Q

Deviant

A

A type of disorder that is different from the norm. It is culturally defined. For example, in the US it is normal to express anger while in other countries it may not be.

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3
Q

Distressing

A

A type of disorder where the individual feels distressed regardless of observers. Example: Feeling anxious with or without others.

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4
Q

Dysfunctional

A

A type of disorder that gets in the way of “normal life”. Example: Anxiety keeping someone from holding down a job.

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5
Q

Normal

A

A disorder gets in the way of this that affects financial, social, and legal aspects.

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6
Q

Medical model

A

A model that is more biology based. It is a part of the idea that mental illness comes form biological imbalances rather than demonic possession, etc.

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7
Q

Biological

A

An aspect of mental illness that is affected by neurotransmitters chemicals, and hormones. These influence how we experience the environment. There are actions done to decrease dopamine and serotonin.

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8
Q

Explanatory style

A

An aspect of the psychological effect on mental illness that looks at how you react when something bad happens.

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9
Q

Stable

A

A component of explanatory style where things will always be like this.

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10
Q

Unstable

A

A component of explanatory style where things will get better.

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11
Q

Global

A

A component of explanatory style that pertains to everything in you life.

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12
Q

Specific

A

A component of explanatory style that one area or domain is affected.

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13
Q

Internal

A

A component of explanatory style where it must be something about me.

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14
Q

External

A

A component of explanatory style where it must be something about the environment.

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15
Q

Stable, global, internal

A

These three components of explanatory style puts one at risk of a mental issue.

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16
Q

Unstable, specific, external

A

These three components of explanatory style puts one at less of a risk of having a mental issue.

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17
Q

Cluster A

A

A cluster that involves a schiptypical personality disorder. This includes social and interpersonal deficits, cognitive and perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior such as “magical thinking” and odd appearance. Example: Willy Wonka

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18
Q

Cluster B

A

A cluster that involves anti-social personality disorder. This includes a lack of conscience, disregards and violates the rights of others, is associated with criminal behavior, and has pre frontal cortex differences such as mood and behavior. It also involves dramatic, emotional, erratic, and narcissistic behaviors/actions.

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19
Q

Cluster C

A

A cluster that involves a dependent personality disorder. This includes the need to be taken care of, submissive and clinging behavior (usually to one other person in their life), and fears separation. Example: Shannon from “True Life”.

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20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental disorder that is a split from reality. It has positive and negative symptoms.

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21
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Symptoms that are the addition of something such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.

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22
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Symptoms that are the absence of something such as the flattened affect, catatonia, and little to no speech.

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23
Q

Flattened affect

A

Lack of emotion.

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24
Q

Catatonia

A

Lack of movement where one often feels agitated after moving.

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25
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

This was formerly called multiple personality disorder. There are two or more distinct identities that alternatively control the person’s behavior. There is a controversy about the disorder regarding testing. Example: Paula

26
Q

Diagnostic and statistical model

A

This is used to diagnose mental disorders. Based on the book, 45 million people in the US have disorders and the final revision was in 1980 until this year.

27
Q

Positive psychology

A

This type of psychology celebrates the strengths that people have. It is a reaction to DSM.

28
Q

Psychologists

A

This person has a PhD or a PSYD and is trained in therapy. In 48 states, they cannot prescribe medicine.

29
Q

Psychiatrist

A

This person is trained at a MD mainly in psychopharmacology. Some do therapy, but most are not trained.

30
Q

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

A

This therapy is a pathology that exists as a result of childhood experiences. It is associated with free association, resistance, interpretation, and has two aspects (analytic and dynamic). This therapy takes time.

31
Q

Free association

A

Where one can speak freely in the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy.

32
Q

Resistance

A

An aspect of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy where one hides something that has been repressed.

33
Q

Analytic

A

A component of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy where the therapist has nothing to do with the process.

34
Q

Dynamic

A

A component of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy where there is more of a relationship between the patient and the therapist.

35
Q

Humanistic

A

A type of therapy where it is necessary for the therapists input for the client’s success. The therapist needs to be genuine, accepting, and empathetic. Their tools include active listening, and unconditional positive regard for the client.

36
Q

Behavioral

A

A type of therapy where humans learn as a function of reinforcement or punishment. They avoid behaviors that they can be punished for and engage in behaviors that are reinforced. Examples: exposure therapy, systematic desensitization, and token economy.

37
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

This is an aspect of behavioral therapy where one is exposed to what you’re afraid of in steps. This treatment works well with phobias.

38
Q

Token economy

A

This is an aspect of behavioral therapy that is used with children. Every time they show a wanted behavior, they get a reward.

39
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A

A type of therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior).

40
Q

Attribution theory

A

A tendency to give casual explanations for someone’s behavior. Involves situation or disposition.

41
Q

Situation

A

An aspect of Attribution theory where things in the environment lead to a behavior. Example: someone cuts you off because they’re going to a hospital or are late for something.

42
Q

Disposition

A

An aspect of Attribution theory where there is just something about that person. Example: someone cuts you off because they’re a jerk.

43
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions and underestimate the impact of the situations. Example: A student falls asleep in class or homeless people.

44
Q

Attitudes can affect actions

A

A belief that predisposed a person to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Example: Racial prejudice and segregation.

45
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

An aspect of Actions can affect attitudes where one person complies with a small request and is most likely to comply with a bigger request later. They’re already committed and it is easy to justify again. Example: put one small sign in yard for a company, comply with putting another, bigger one in the yard.

46
Q

Roles

A

Each of these has a set of rules to follow. Example: Father, daughter, and mother.

47
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

When our attitudes and actions are opposed, we experience tension. We get rid of it by reassuring ourselves. Example: jeans

48
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Example: Asch Study - line choosing

49
Q

Normal social influence

A

Conforming for approval.

50
Q

Informative social influence

A

A group has information or knowledge that the individual doesn’t have. Example: a mob running towards you

51
Q

Obedience

A

Behaviors as an expression of compliance towards authority. Example: Migrem’s study - shock test

52
Q

The power of one

A

AN individual can make a difference. Example: Martin Luther King Jr.

53
Q

Social facilitation

A

Improved performance on tasks in the presence of others. Example: sports players

54
Q

Social loafing

A

Less effort for a common goal. Example: Group projects and that one person who doesn’t do anything.

55
Q

De-individuation

A

The loss of self awareness and self restraint in group situation. Example: Ku Klux Klan or CSU confessions.

56
Q

Group polarization

A

Group attitudes strengthen through discussion. Example: Political parties

57
Q

Group think

A

Harmony is more important than discussion and debate. Example: NASA and Challenger explosion

58
Q

Bystander effect

A

When other people are present, we are less likely to help. Example: Kitty Genovese.

59
Q

Prejudice

A

Unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Example: The Brown-blue eyed experiment

60
Q

Agression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Can be proactive or reactive.

61
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

Repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases our attraction. Relates to attraction.

Psych (5 decks)

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