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Psychology- Aproaches > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic assumptions in this approach?

A

Unconscious mind

Instincts/drive

Early childhood experiences

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2
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A

This is the driving force behind our behaviour.

Holds the unpleasant memories that are unaccessible but drive our behaviour without knowing.

Works through the drives and instincts.

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3
Q

What are the three stages in the mind?

A

Conscious mind

Pre- conscious mind

Unconscious mind

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4
Q

What is the pre- conscious mind?

A

This is where memories that can move into the conscious mind at any time are held.

Memories that we are aware of.

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5
Q

What is the conscious mind?

A

The behaviour that everyone sees.

However controlled by the unconscious mind.

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6
Q

What shapes our personality?

A

Our early experiences as a child.

From birth to 6 years old.

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7
Q

What are the three personalities?

A

Id

Ego

Superego

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8
Q

What is the Id?

A
  • forms from 0 to 18months
  • called the ‘pleasure principle’
  • this seeks pleasure. It is childlike, selfish and focuses on the self.
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9
Q

What is the ego?

A
  • develops 18months to 3years
  • called the ‘reality principle’
  • this balances the influence between Id and the superego.
  • prevents one of the other personalities becoming dominant. As it could negatively affect the behaviour and mental health.
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10
Q

What is the superego?

A
  • develops between 3 to 6 years old.
  • called ‘morality principle’
  • individual conscious, feels guilt and holds back from behaving in a wrong way.
  • creates moral code.
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11
Q

What are the three defence mechanisms?

A
  1. Repression
  2. Denial
  3. Displacement
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12
Q

What happens during the defence mechanisms repression?

A
  • unpleasant memories are pushed into the unconscious mind.
  • not in conscious mind reduces ANXIETY.
  • however still controls behaviour from unconscious mind.
  • this prevents any recall of the unpleasant situation.
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13
Q

What happens during the defence mechanism denial?

A
  • refusal to accept the reality of an unpleasant memory. Reducing ANXIETY.
  • believe it isn’t negative behaviour, but it is just the refusal to accept the negative reality. Hence why anxiety is reduced.
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14
Q

What happens during the defence mechanism displacement?

A
  • when a strong emotion is targeted towards an uninvolved neutral person/object.
  • reduces ANXIETY, after the expression.
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15
Q

What are the three psychosexual stages?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
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16
Q

What does the oral stage consist of?

A
  • from birth focused on pleasure.
  • i.e sucking, swallowing first then moving onto chewing and biting.
  • Freud believed it was important for the development of personality.
17
Q

What happens if the oral stage is not applied correctly?

A
  • due to the oral stage being too early/late or erratic=
  • the child becoming fixated in this stage.
    Which has negative affects as an adult.
18
Q

What are the two negative types of fixation in the oral stage and what are the consequences?

A

Fixated at oral passive stage:
Dependent and gullible

Fixated at oral aggressive stage:
Aggressive

  • both more likely to bite nails., chew pen lids and smoke.
19
Q

What does the anal stage consist of? And what is the name of the sexual energy?

A
  • starts at 18months
  • sexual energy has moved from the mouth to the anus.
  • pleasure now comes from having a poo.
  • sexual energy = libido
20
Q

What are the two types of anal stages?

A
  1. Anally expulsive

2. Anally retentive

21
Q

What is anal expulsion?

A
  • child is overly keen to use the potty.

- if fixated. As an adult they will be generous, express emotion and have fits of temper.

22
Q

What is anal retentive?

A
  • strict parents leads the child to become anxious about going to the toilet so the child will retain the poo instead.
  • if fixated. As an adult you will be organised, neat and reluctant to spend your Money.
23
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A
  • starts at 3.
  • libido moves from anus to genitals.
  • start of complex depending on gender.

Boys= Oedipus

Girls = Electra

24
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A
  • boys have strong sexual feelings for the mother.
  • fear father and wants him to leave.
  • castration anxiety - fear of father castrating the boy because he wants the affection from the mother.
  • befriend father to combat the anxiety and performs similar traits ( identification)
25
Q

What happens if no father figure is present in the Oedipus complex?

A

Freud believed the boy was likely to become homosexual because he doesn’t have a father figure to identify with.

26
Q

What is the Electra complex?

A
  • it is the complex for girls.
  • realise they don’t have a penis
  • develop penis envy.
  • desire for a penis is unfulfilled so they desire a baby.
  • identify’s with the father in a similar way to the boys.
27
Q

What can happen to the children when they become adults if fixated at the phallic stage?

A

Jealous and anxious person

28
Q

What is the latent stage?

A
  • age 6
  • libido is displaced around the whole body.
  • calm development. No pleasure foci or complex
  • the child can focus on being a child.
29
Q

What is the genital stage?

A
  • libido moves back to the genital, where it will remain forever.
  • stage where a child becomes an adult as there are no more psychosexual stages.
  • no fixations. All occur in first three stages.

Psychology- Aproaches (2 decks)

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