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AP Psychology Aug 3 > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

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2
Q

Empiricism

A

The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge

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3
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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4
Q

Introspection

A

The process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psychological processes

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavior processes function— how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish

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6
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference for mental processes. Most psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

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7
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

A historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential
Carl rogers

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8
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems

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9
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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10
Q

Psychology

A

The science of behavior and mental processes

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11
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

The long lasting controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Todays science sees traits and behavior arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.
Nature is influences to heredity and other biological factors (genetic inheritance)
Nurture is influences from the external factors (life experiences, SOCIAL FACTORS on human development)

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12
Q

Natural selection

A

The principal that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations)
Charles Darwin founded

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13
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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14
Q

Behavior genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

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15
Q

Culture

A

Thé enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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16
Q

Positive psychology

A

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

17
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Am integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

18
Q

Behavioral psychology

A

The scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s explanation by principles of learning

19
Q

Biological psychology

A

The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes. (Some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists)

20
Q

Psychodynamic psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

21
Q

Social cultural psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

22
Q

Testing effect

A

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also, sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhancing learning

23
Q

SQ3R

A

A study method incorporating five steps: Survey
Question
Read
Retrieve
Review

24
Q

Psychometrics

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

25
Q

Basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

26
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

27
Q

Educational psychology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

28
Q

Personality psychology

A

The study of individuals characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

29
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

30
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

31
Q

Industrial organizational (I/O) psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

32
Q

Human factors psychology

A

A field of psychology allied with I/O psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

33
Q

Counseling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well being

34
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

35
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

36
Q

Community psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

AP Psychology Aug 3 (2 decks)

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