Psychotherapeutic Intervention

Question 1

IASP

Answer 1

International Association for the Study of Pain (Merksley) define pain as ‘a sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potentional tissue damage, or described in such terms’

Question 2

Operant model

Answer 2

Focused on Skinners principles of operant conditioning which were redefined by Fordyce to be applicable to Pain
-involves the family - Roberts et al

Question 3

Biofeedback

Answer 3

Physioloigcal feedback

Blanchard et al - used to treat headaches, fibromyalgia and number other chronic pain conditions

Question 4

CBT

Answer 4

Turks - cogs exacerberate pain
Affleck - neg catastrophic thoughts correlate with pain complaints, therefore Goodwin proposed a treatment that reduces these will reduce pain
Morley - effective for those with continuous and chronic pain
Salomons- able to reduce central sensitization

Question 5

ACT

Answer 5

Third wheel of CBT
Blackledge- psych flexible rather than specific cog restructing
Hayes- 6 core principles - acceptance, being present, cog defusion, self as context, values and committed actions
Verhoof - chronic patients have favourable outcomes

Question 6

Why do they work? = Frank

then 2 more reasons

Answer 6

Frank’s common factors why they work - expectation of help - Bandura - self efficacy

• therapeutic relationship - Hall
• active participation of patient and clinican - provides control - thompson, miller, salomon
• target comorbid factors - Ohayon -Smith
• Hirsh - Bair -Croyle -Tessler

-Challenges/modulates perceptions of pain
-catastrophising - Crombez, Sullivan
-beliefs
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