PUBLIC HEALTH 3.2

Question 1

Successes of 1848 Public Health act

Answer 1

-By 1850, 192 towns had asked for the new public health regulations to be applied
-By 1853, this had risen to 284 petitions and 182 towns where it had been applied

Question 2

Metropolitan Building Act

Answer 2

1844, required all newly constructed that were within 30 feet of a common sewer to be connected to it

Question 3

Common Lodging House Acts

Answer 3

-1851 and 1853
-all lodgings to be inspected by police
+Acts were badly drafted and rarely enforced

Question 4

Nuisance removal act

Answer 4

-1855
-empowered local authorities to combat overcrowding with fines

Question 5

The artisans and labourers dwelling act

Answer 5

-1868
-Gave local councils the power to force landlords to repair an insanitary house

Question 6

George Peabody

Answer 6

-Provided model dwellings to the poor
-by 1882 the Trust was housing more than 14,600 people in 3500 dwellings

Question 7

Titus Salt

Answer 7

+1850s, moved his factory from polluted environment to a purpose built village
+Built a school and new houses
-Very strict rules

Question 8

Octavia Hill

Answer 8

-Brought run down artisans and renovated them
-Rented them at low prices, by mid 1870s, she had more than 3000 tenants

Question 9

Ebenezer Howarde

Answer 9

-To morrow book
-people should live in harmony with good public health
-Started the garden city movement, first in 1903 in Letchworth

Question 10

William Lever

Answer 10

+found new site for soap making and had model village built
+between 1899 and 1914, 800 houses were built
-Strict rules of behaviour

Question 11

The permissive vaccination act

Answer 11

-1840
-anyone could be vaccinated free of charge

Question 12

The Compulsory Vaccination act

Answer 12

-1853
-made it obligatory for parents to have children vaccinated within 3 months of birth
-If parents did not comply, they were fined £1

Question 13

The compulsory vaccination act 2

Answer 13

-1871
-made it obligatory for local health boards to appoint vaccination officers

Question 14

Importance of medical officers of health

Answer 14

-Dr William Henry provided an ideal model
-John Simon also provided a great model as medical officer for London

Question 15

provision of TB sanatoria

Answer 15

In Oldham, local medical health officer ordering leafleting that TB was infectious
-In Brighton, similar leaflets were given and people given spitting bowls

Question 16

Pasteurisation

Answer 16

-1922, process of heating milk up so bacteria was killed
-in 1934 an act was passed to make free pasteurised milk to school children

Question 17

Sanatoria facts

Answer 17

-1911 = 84 sanatoria with 8,000 beds
-1930 = 500 sanatoria with 25,000 beds

Question 18

Provision of Meals act

Answer 18

-1906
-Came about because of Boer War
-Act allowed local authorities to use public money to provide free school meals

Question 19

The education act

Answer 19

-1907
-Act set up a School medical service

Question 20

The children and Young persons act

Answer 20

-1908
-Children became ‘protected persons’ which made cruelty prosecutable
-Nursing and private children’s homes to be registered and inspected
-Shopkeepers forbidden to sell cigarettes to under 16s

Question 21

Edward Jenner

Answer 21

-link between cowpox and smallpox
-in 1798 given £30,000 to establish a clinic
-Could not explain why the vaccination worked

Question 22

Edwin Chadwick

Answer 22

-made connection between poor public health and disease
-Published the Report of the sanitary condition of the labouring population of Great Britain
-Wasn’t liked by many

Question 23

John Snow

Answer 23

-Cholera
-Broad Street Pump, locked the handle and deaths fell
-Provided vast evidence such as 7 workmen drinking from the pump died
-No real proof as to why it worked

Question 24

Joseph Bazalgette

Answer 24

-1819-1891
-The great stink
-linked sewers to pumping stations to carry untreated sewage away

Question 25

Marie Stopes

Answer 25

-1880-1958
-Wrote the book of ‘married love’
-gave advice to women on contraception and pregnancy etc
-sold over 400,000 copies by 1924
-catholics against her ideas