Public health

Question 1

What are the different levels of EMB care?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the concept of “knowledge translation”?

Answer 2

Best evidence –> recommendations –> clinical practice –> Measured quality

Question 3

What is a periodontist?

Answer 3

A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions affecting the support structure around teeth and dental implants, and in the surgical placement of dental implants.

Question 4

What are Periodontal disease?

Answer 4

• Ginvivitis is a mild form of inflammatory (bacterial induced but host response) periodontal disease that can develop into periodontitis (irreversible). 
CRP is a protein that reflects the amount of inflammation and is a risk factor of CVD.
• Periodontal disease is associated with CVD, diabetes, cancers, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and adverse outcome during pregnancy.

Question 5

What are the recommendations for periodontal diseases?

Answer 5

1. Recommendation A: Periodontal evaluation should be considered for patients with atherosclerotic CVD who have signs & symptoms of gingival disease, significant tooth loss, and unexplained elevation of CRP or other inflammatory biomarkers. 

2. Recommendation B: Periodontal evaluation of patients with atherosclerotic CVD should include a comprehensive examination of periodontal tissues. If patients have untreated or uncontrolled periodontitis, they should be treated with a focus on reducing and controlling the bacterial accumulations and eliminating inflammation. 

3. Recommendation C: When periodontitis is newly diagnosed in patients with atherosclerotic CVD, the Periodontist & Physician managing the patient’s CVD should closely collaborate to optimize CVD risk reduction & periodontal care.
 


Question 6

Women and CVD in the health care system?

Answer 6

• 1/3 women die from heart disease
• Women with a history of gestational diabetes or high blood pressure/pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of those diseases later in life. OBGYN WORK!
• Two thirds of women who die suddenly from CVD have no previous history of cardiac symptoms, the symptoms differ from men
• Women often ignore the early warning symptoms and signs of heart disease delaying too long in seeking help, but have more risk factors (smocking, diabetes, pill, early menopause)
• Physicians will talk more to men about CVD risks

Question 7

Name some specific risk factors of CVD that women have?

Answer 7

• psychosocial factors
• low socioeconomic status
• lack of social support
• stress at work
• anxiety
• depression

Question 8

What factors contribute to high HDL?

Answer 8

1. Weight lost
2. Smocking
3. Diet

Question 9

Who the fuck is William Harvey

Answer 9

A white conservative male that discovered the blood circulation. His points:

1. The heart’s action is to forcefully eject blood
2. The true motion of pulse in the arteries is a wave the results from systole of heart.
3. The blood, which exits the heart via the arteries, comes back to the heart via veins, in a circle.

Question 10

What’s up with discoveries in social studies of medicine?

Answer 10

• Discoveries are incomplete
• Discoveries don’t always make sense
• Discoveries are often not “new” (completely)
• Discoveries are always ambiguous
• What we discover about the body is what we are prepared to accept given our core assumptions about how the body works.
• Even something as unprecedented as circulation could make sense because it fit into an essentially mechanistic picture of the “anatomical body” – the body as an articulated assemblage of tools (organs) for doing a job. That idea came from the Greeks.
• A discovery does not always change how doctors treat. Circulation did not get rid of bloodletting.