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Pulm Late Memorization > Pulm Memorization - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Pulm Memorization - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

What two factors does the diffusion equation depend on?

A

Both the membrane AND whether the patient is anemic, has normal hemoglobin, etc.

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2
Q

Alveolar air equation?

A

PA02=fi027100-PaCo2

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3
Q

Static lung compliance

A

Cstat=Vt/(Pplat-PEEP)

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4
Q

Low FEV1/FVC?

A

Obstruction

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5
Q

Low TLC?

A

Restrictive

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6
Q

Low FEV1/FVC, normal DLCO?

A

asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis

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7
Q

Low FEV1/FVC, low DLCO?

A

emphysema

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8
Q

High TLC?

A

Hyperinflation

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9
Q

High RV?

A

Air trapping

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10
Q

Low FEV1/FVC and low TLC?

A

mixed defect

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11
Q

Low TLC and normal DLCO?

A

chest wall and neuromuscular disorders (scoliosis, obesity, Myesthenia Graves, etc.)

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12
Q

Normal FEV1/FVC, Normal TLC, Low DLCO?

A

Pulmonary vascular disorders, pulm HTN, pulm embolism

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13
Q

Low TLC and low DLCO?

A

Interstitial Lung Disease

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14
Q

Why is there airway obstruction in COPD?

A

Lack of airway tethering, need for forced expiration, bronchiosteonsis, airway inflammation and secrections

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15
Q

Why is there dyspnea in COPD?

A

hyperinflation and mechanical disadvantage, loss of elasticity–>active expiration, hypoxia, hypercapnea, airway obstruction

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16
Q

Respiratory alkalosis compensations

A

For acute 2, chronic 5 HCO3 per 10 PCO2

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17
Q

Respiratory acidosis compensations

A

For acute 1, chronic 3.5 HCO3 per 10 CO2

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18
Q

low glucose in pleural effusion?

A

TB, RA, infection

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19
Q

high WBC in pleural effusion?

A

empyema

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20
Q

bloody pleural effusion?

A

trauma, asbestos

21
Q

low PH in pleural effusion

A

incipient infection

22
Q

high LDH in pleural effusion?

A

complicated parapneumonic

23
Q

high TG (chyle0 in pleural effusion?

A

lymphoma, trauma

24
Q

What interstitial disease is more common in lower lobes? how about upper/middle?

A

Lower=IPF, Upper/middle= sarcoidosis

25
Q

What type of physiology is present if the patient does not improve on high fi02?

A

Shunt! - alveolar filling

26
Q

What is the ddx if Ppeak-plat is the same?

A

pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, pneumothorax, anxiety, pain, auto-PEEP

27
Q

What is the ddx if Ppeak-plat is the different?

A

ETT problems, tubing kinked, secretions, bronchospasm

28
Q

What do you think in a patient on CPAP with daytime hypercapnea?

A

Obseity Hypoventilation Syndrome (obstructive sleep apneics are eucapneic during the day)

29
Q

Which of the following is not best characterized as an interstitial lung disease? lymphangitic spread of lung cancer, childhood bronchiolitis, or early pulmonary edema

A

childhood bronchiolitis

30
Q

3 diseases characterized by granulomas, restriction on PFTs, upper lobe predominance and intersitial infilatrates?

A

Sarcoidosis, berylliosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis

31
Q

Name 3 mechanisms explaining the further rise in PCO2 in hypercarbic patients given O2

A

decreased drive to breathe, V/Q mismatch - release of hypoxic vasoconstriction leading to further mismatch, Haldane effect (deoxygenated blood has an increased ability to carry carbon dioxide)

32
Q

“rusty” sputum, shaking chills, lobar infiltrates, gram-positive diplococci

A

Pneumococcus pneumonia

33
Q

URIs, “atypical pneumonia”, bilateral LL infiltrates, common in young adults

A

Mycoplasma

34
Q

High fever, post-flu, abscesses, hospitalized patient

A

Staph pneumonia

35
Q

This common pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts is a fungus but can be treated with steroids and NOT antifungal

A

Pneumocystis

36
Q

HIV, very low CD4 counts, often cultured from blood and sputum but may not cause disease

A

MAI

37
Q

Most common cause of unexplained, recurrent pulmonary embolism?

A

Factor V leiden

38
Q

Most common causes of chronic cough?

A

GERD, asthma, post-nasal drip, side effects of Ace inhibitors, (in smokers, chronic bronchitis and bronciectasis)

39
Q

Patient comes in with acute history of dyspnea and chest pain and presents with respiratory alkalosis. What’s the most likely cause?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

40
Q

When do you evaluate for bronchiectasis?

A

Persistent productive cough and unexplained hemoptysis in patients NOT to have COPD

41
Q

Hypoxemia due to reduced inspired O2

A

Normal Aa gradient, Normal or low PCO2, responds to high fiO2

42
Q

Hypoexmia due to diffusion impairment (ex. interstitial lung disease)

A

Widened Aa Gradient, Normal PCO2, responds to high fiO2

43
Q

Hypoxemia due to shunt

A

Widened Aa Gradient, Normal PCO2, DOES NOT respond to high fiO2

44
Q

Hypoxemia due to hypoventilation

A

normal Aa gradient, HIGH PCO2, responds to high fio2

45
Q

Hypoxemia due to dead space v/q mismatch

A

Widened Aa gradient, PCO2 High in severe cases, responds to high fio2

46
Q

Hypoxemia due to decreased cardiac output

A

widened Aa graident, PCO2 normal, responds to high fi02

47
Q

What are masson bodies?

A

Fibrous plugs in the airway that develop after resolution from exudate in bacterial pneumonia - part of BOOP

48
Q

Emphysema is associated with what gross pattern?

A

“holes in the lung”, upper lobe predominent, distal alveloi spared = centrilobular

Pulm Late Memorization (1 decks)

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