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From Flashcardlet > Pulmonary Assessment > Flashcards

Pulmonary Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main muscle of inhalation?

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

A

ventilation

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3
Q

what is gas exchange?

A

respiration

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4
Q

What happens when there is a failure of oxygenation or of ventilation?

A

respiratory failure

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5
Q

When doing a pulmonary assessment, what do you want to assess about their general appearance?

A

general signs of respiratory disease - barrel chest

clubbed fingers

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6
Q

What do you want to assess about the chest wall?

A

abnormal movement

how hard they are breathing

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7
Q

What do you want to assess about a persons breathing patterns?

A

do they need tripod to breath
using accessory muscles or nasal flaring
need to pause mid-sentence to take a breath
stridor

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8
Q

What might stridor indicate?

A

airway obstruction

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9
Q

What are signs of hypoxemia?

A

cyanosis
change in mental status
skin color change

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10
Q

When is cyanosis normally seen with hypoxia?

A

it is a late stage

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11
Q

What is the most significant sign of early hypoxemia?

A

mental status change

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12
Q

Is skin color a reliable indicator of hypoxemia and why?

A

no, because a lot of factors can influence skin color such as ethnicity, tanning, and depth of blood vessels

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13
Q

What is oxygen?

A

a drug

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14
Q

What percentage of room air is O2?

A

21%

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15
Q

if you are on 1 L, what percentage is oxygen?

A

24%

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16
Q

Oxygen percentage increases by how much with each liter?

A

4%

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17
Q

Is it effective to give a mouth breather nasal cannula?

A

yes because there is sufficient mixing of O2 in back of mouth

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18
Q

What do you always need to add to O2 when giving it?

A

humidity

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19
Q

What is a non-invasive way of monitoring oxygen saturation?

A

pulse oximetry

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20
Q

What is the amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood?

A

PaO2

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21
Q

What is normal PaO2 at room air?

A

80-100

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22
Q

Will PaO2 drop as you get older?

A

ys

23
Q

What is the amount of Hgb saturated in oxygen?

A

SaO2

24
Q

What is the amount of Hgb saturated with oxygen as estimated by the pulse oximeter?

A

SpO2

25
Q

What graph describes the affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin for each other?

A

oxyhemaglobin association curve

26
Q

On the curve, if SaO2 is 90%, what is PaO2?

A

60

27
Q

What are the types of tracheal tubes?

A

oral endotracheal
nasotracheal
cuffed
uncuffed

28
Q

Where do we most often intubate?

A

oral endotracheal

29
Q

Why do we rarely intubate nasally?

A

high risk of damaging sinuses

30
Q

Which intubation is better tolerated by the patient?

A

nasally

31
Q

Do we typically use cuffed or uncuffed tracheal tubes?

A

cuffed

32
Q

Which tracheal tube has a lower risk of aspiration?

A

cuffed

33
Q

Which tracheal tube is much easier to ventilate with positive pressure?

A

cuffed

34
Q

Which tracheal tube is mainly used with children?

A

uncuffed

35
Q

What are the main responsibilites of nurses with intubated patients

A

equipement ready to insert
patient care
restraints
obtaining blood gases

36
Q

How do you position a patients head to open their airway?

A

tilt back

37
Q

With intubating, when is O2 given?

A

preoxygenate before and reoxygenate after

38
Q

When do you get blood gases with intubation?

A

20-30 min after intubation or suctioning

39
Q

How do you verify placement of intubation?

A

listen to breath sounds and look for bilateral chest expansion
chest XRAY

40
Q

Where should the tip of the endotracheal tube be?

A

at least an inch or two above the division of right and left bronchi

41
Q

What are complications with intubation?

A

dental damage
aspiration of gastric contents
overoxygenation
barotrauma

42
Q

What is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid?

A

barotrauma

43
Q

What assessment needs to be done before extubation?

A

can the patient MOVE (acronym)

44
Q

What does MOVE stand for?

A

M – mentate (mental status)
O – oxygenate
V – ventilate
E – expectorate

45
Q

What is the goal of suctioning?

A

clear secretions from the airway

46
Q

do we need an order to suction?

A

no

47
Q

What are indications of suctioning?

A 
NOT TIME
Breath sound changes
Increased peak inspiratory pressure
Coughing
Mucous in tubing
Increased shortness of breath
Decreased oxygen saturation
48
Q

Is suctioning sterile?

A

yes

49
Q

What do you do before suctioning?

A

hyperoxygenate

50
Q

How long is suctioning?

A

10-15 seconds

51
Q

What do you do between suctioning passes and afterward?

A

reoxygenate

52
Q

What needs to be assessed after suctioning?

A

breath sounds

53
Q

What drug is a drug for nurses and is only a sedative with no analgesic properties?

A

diprivan

54
Q

With sedation, what Ramsey sedation rate should you maintain your patient at?

A

3 Responding to commands

From Flashcardlet (107 decks)

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