Pulmonary Diseases Flashcards
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
A fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury
Asthma
An obstructive lung disease that features chronic inflammation of the airways and is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing
Chronic bronchitis
Hypersecretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that continues for at least 3 months of the year
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pathologic lung changes consistent with emphysema or chronic bronchitis
Cystic fibrosis
An autosomal recessive condition with abnormal chloride channel function, producing lung and pancreatic disease in children
Emphysema
Abnormal permanent enlargement of gas-exchange airways (acini) accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls; lacking obvious fibrosis
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
A lung disease of premature infants due to deficient surfactant production which causes atelectasis and increased work of breathing
Pneumonia
Infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites
Acute bronchitis
Acute infection or inflammation of the airways or bronchi. Commonly follows a viral illness; is usually self-limiting
Atelectasis
The collapse of lung tissue - compression or absorption
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi
Dyspnea
The subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, the feeling of being unable to get enough air
Empyema
The presence of pus in the pleural space
Lung cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma)
Cancer that arises from the epithelium of the respiratory tract (excludes other pulmonary tumors)
Pleural effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural space
