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Breast > Q's > Flashcards

Q's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the triple assessment for?

A

symptomatic patients

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2
Q

describe the breast screening programme

A

50-70 (every 3 years) - mammography

aims to detect DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)

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3
Q

What is MRI used for in breast imaging

A
  • implant rupture
  • Screening: 30-50 w/ high risk FHx (BRCA)
  • lobular breast Ca
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4
Q

What is good for dense breast?

A

US (+ MRI)

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5
Q

Describe 2 breast biopsy techniques

A

Core biopsy

Fine needle asouration

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6
Q

Describe the triple assessment

A
  • Examination (+ history)
  • Imaging
  • Pathology (e.g. biopsy)
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7
Q

What imaging is used in triple assessment of >40yo?

A

Mammogram + US

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8
Q

What imaging is used in the triple assessment of <40yo?

A

US

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9
Q

RFs for breast Ca

A

^ oestrogen: HRT, early monarche, no pregnancy, PCOS, obesity, COCP, later menopause

FHx/genetics

^ age

Male: kleinfelters + oestrogen therapy

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10
Q

protective factors for breast Ca

A

multiparous

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11
Q

most common type of breast cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma (ductal)

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12
Q

Where does the second commonest breast cancer arise? What is good for imaging it?

A

lobular - mRI

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13
Q

give some tumour markers (receptors)

A

ER +ve
Her-2
Progesterone +ve

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14
Q

What tumour marker offers good prognosis?

A

ER +ve

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15
Q

What tumour marker offers poor prognosis?

A

Her-2

Ki67 (proliferation marker)

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16
Q

Surgical treatment for breast cancers?

A
  • Breast conservation (wide local excision or lumpectomy)

- Mastectomy

17
Q

How do you identify which nodes are involved?

A

Sentinel node biopsy (technetium 99)

18
Q

What treatments can be used for the different receptors/tumour markers?

A

Tamoxifen for ER +ve

Trastuzumab (herceptin) for HER-2 +ve

19
Q

As part of adjuvant therapy (after surgery) what hormonal therapy can you use hormonal therapy. What can be used in pre and post-menopausal women? Why is it different for post-menopausal women?

A

pre: tamoxifen
post: aromatase inhibitor (selective oestrogen receptor modulator)

Tamoxifen - risk of DVT + endometrial Ca ^ in post-menopausal

20
Q

Give a risk of tamoxifen

A

DVT + endometrial Ca

21
Q

What characterises paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

Eczema of nipple

22
Q

commonest site of mets?

A

bONE > lungs

23
Q

Her-2 +ve treatment

A

Herceptin (trastuzumab)

24
Q

ER +ve treatment

A

Tamoxifen

25
Q

give 3 familial breast cancer genes

A

BRCA 1
BRCA 2
TP53 mutation

26
Q

Which familial breast cancer gene is also assoc with ovarian Ca

A

BRCA 1

27
Q

What is the commonest cause of lump in <35s

A

Fibroadenoma

28
Q

causes of gynaecomastia

A

Kleinfelters, liver disease, spironolactone

Breast (1 decks)

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