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CTO > Q1 > Flashcards

Q1 Flashcards

1
Q

psuedostratified columnar

A

respiratory system

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2
Q

simple cuboidal

A

surface of ovaries

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3
Q

simple squamous

A

air sacs in lungs

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4
Q

transitional/urothelium

A

bladder

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5
Q

simple columnar

A

GI tract

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6
Q

Stratified squamous

A

mouth and skin

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7
Q

What is the chemical composition of the lipid part of the cell membrane? What is the most common lipid?

A

Phospholipid (glycerol attached to 2 fatty acid tails and R group)
Most common lipid is the Phosphatidylcholine

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8
Q

Glycocalyx

A

The glycocalyx is the carbohydrate-rich region surrounding the cell. This includes phospholipids, glycoproteins and proteoglygans. It is protective of the cell and also provides recognition molecules

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9
Q

Where are there more proteins attached to the cell membrane? Why?

A

inside there is more need for regulatory receptors and enzymes

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10
Q

What is the localizing signal protein that allows recognition of the vesicle by the endosome?

A

Rab-5 send it to endosome and is recognized by surface receptor. SNARE allow it to dock

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11
Q

What drugs prevent polymerization of actin? What prevents it from depolymerizing?

A

Cytochalasins prevent polymerization and phalloidin prevents depolymerization.

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12
Q

What pair of structures is found at the centrosome?

A

A pair of centioles that are at right angles to one-another.

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13
Q

What is the effect of adding Taxol to a cell?

A

Adding Taxol caps the + ends of the MT and will result in stabilization.

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14
Q

What is the structure of the intermediate filament

A

coiled dimers (head to tail so non-polar) form tetramers. 8 joined together gives an intermediate filament

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15
Q

Types of intermediate filaments with location

A 
Keratins- epithelium
GFAP- glia 
Lamin- nucleus
Vimentin- CT
Desmin- skeletal muscle
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16
Q

How are proteins created in the cytoplasm delivered to the nucleus?

A

Proteins destined for the nucleus have a nuclear localization signal. This signal allows it to bind to importin. In the presence of Rab GTP protein is released from importin. Ran GTP concentration is high inside the nucleus

17
Q

How is cell cycle regulated?

A

cyclins activated cdks, which when active phosphorylate proteins necessary for the cell cycle.

ex. cyclin S activate cdk S, which phosphorylates part of the ORC complex. This frees the ORC complex to start replication

18
Q

What are “checkpoints” and when do they occur?

A

G1 makes sure DNA not damaged and cell environment good for growth
G2 makes sure cell is big enough and that S phase copied DNA correctly
Metaphase makes sure chromosomes have lined up in the center of the cell

19
Q

p53

A

High levels created when DNA is damaged or with stress. When phosphorylated it reduces cell replication

20
Q

What is the most important signaling protein for apoptosis

A

Capases

21
Q

mano 6 phosphate

A

tags hydolyases from golgi to go to the late endosome and lysosome

22
Q

ubiquitin

A

tags things to go to the proteosome

23
Q

Where is collagen synthesized

A

Starts intracellularly in fibroblasts and ends extracellularly

24
Q

What are the transient cells of the CT

A 
Mast cells (anaphalactic shock) 
Macrophages (lots of lysosomes)
Plasma cells (nucleus to one side; clock face)
25
Q

4 types of collagen and locations

A

Type I- ECM, tendons, ligaments and bones
Type II-cartilage (hyaline- has some type I, elastic-also has elastic fibers, and fibro)
Type III- reticular fibers (silver stain-aka argyophylic staining)
Type IV- basal membrane

26
Q

Ground substance

A

Allows for flow of nutrients between fibers and CT. Major component is proteoglycans (structure with the GAG-test tube brush- very hydrophilic)

27
Q

What kinds of proteins insert into ER?

A

secreted and ones going to the cell membrane

28
Q

Why do ribosomes represent an important target of antibiotics?

A

prokaryotic cells have different ribosomal subunits. You can target their ribosomes so they can’t make proteins but the eukaryotic cells won’t be effected

CTO (1 decks)

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