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Physics > Quantum Physics > Flashcards

Quantum Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three constituents of the atom?

A

Proton
Neutron
Electron

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2
Q

What is the magnitude of the charge of an electron and proton?

A

1.6 x 10^-19

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3
Q

What is the mass of a proton and neutron

A

1.67 x 10^-27

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4
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9.11 x 10^-31

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5
Q

What is the top number on the atom notation?

A

Mass number/Nucleon number

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6
Q

What is the bottom number on the atom notation?

A

Proton number

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7
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom which has a different amount of electrons to protons

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8
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons

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9
Q

What constituent determines which atom it is?

A

Proton

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10
Q

What is the equation to find out specific charge?

A

Charge/Mass

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11
Q

How do you calculate the charge of a nucleus?

A

Number of protons X Charge of a proton

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12
Q

How do you calculate the mass of a nucleus?

A

Number of nucleons X Mass of a nucleon

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13
Q

How do you calculate the mass of an atom?

A

(Mass of nucleus)+(Number of electrons X mass of an electron)

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14
Q

How do you calculate the charge of an ion?

A

Charge of the ion X Charge of a proton

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15
Q

How do you calculate the mass of an ion?

A

Same as an atom

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16
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

Electrons are emitted from a metal when light is shone on it

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17
Q

What is the threshold frequency?

A

The lowest frequency of light required to remove an electron from a metal

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18
Q

What does the intensity of light effect?

A

Increases the number of electrons emitted per second

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19
Q

What does the colour (frequency) of the light effect?

A

The speed at which the electrons travel at

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20
Q

What is the equation for the energy of a photon?

A

E = hf

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21
Q

How else can this be written using wavelength and wave speed?

A

E = hc/λ

22
Q

What is the work function?

A

The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of a metal

23
Q

What equation is used to find the maximum kinetic energy of an electron

A

Ekmax = hf-Φ

24
Q

What is the equation for the maximum kinetic energy of an electron?

A

Ekmax = hf - Φ

25
Q

What is the work function(Φ)equal to?

A

hf0 (threshold frequency multiplied by planks constant)

26
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

c=f λ

27
Q

What is planks constant equal to?

A

6.63x10^-34

28
Q

Is light a wave or a particle?

A

It is both, it behaves like both

29
Q

What is the stopping potential?

A

If the metal is positive, then electrons are attracted back to it, the stopping potential is the voltage required to stop electrons from being released. (Vs)

30
Q

What is the equation for stopping power?

A

eVs = Ek
So eVs = hf - Φ

31
Q

What is the equation Fronde broglie wavelength?

A

λ=h/mc , so λ=h/p
c is the speed of light so mc is mass x speed.
Which is momentum, represented with p

32
Q

What did electron diffraction prove?

A

Electrons can act as both waves and particles

33
Q

What happens to the diffraction of electrons as the speed of them increases?

A

There is less diffraction

34
Q

What is an electron volt?

A

The energy an electron gains when passed through 1 volt

35
Q

What is the symbol for electron volts?

A

eV

36
Q

How do you convert the energy in eV to J?

A

E(eV) x 1.6x10^-19

37
Q

How do you find the energy is eV when given it in Joules?

A

E(J)/1.6x10^19

38
Q

Electrons in an atom can only have certain energies, what are these called?

A

Energy levels

39
Q

What is the energy level of a free electron?

A

Infinity

40
Q

What does this mean?

A

All energy levels are negative

41
Q

How does an electron move up energy levels?

A

It is excited using a current or light, it gains energy and moves up energy levels

42
Q

What two ways can an electron gain energy?

A

Collision with another particle(usually an electron)
Or
Absorption of a photon which must precisely match the energy difference between the two levels.

43
Q

What is the equation to find hf (E) using energy levels?

A

hf = E1 - E2

44
Q

What is it called when an electron receives enough energy to leave the atom?

A

Ionisation

45
Q

What is the ground state?

A

The lowest energy level an atomic electron can be in

46
Q

How is an emission spectrum made?

A

An electron gains energy through colitis ion and moves up energy levels, as the electron de-excites it emits a photon of a specific wavelengths which we can observe.

47
Q

How is an absorption spectrum made?

A

An electron moves up energy levels via light, as it does this it absorbs photons. When it de excites and moves back down it emits these photons in different directions which we don’t observe.

48
Q

What do the shortest jumps between energy levels produce?

A

Longest wavelength radiation

49
Q

What does the longest jump between energy levels produce?

A

Shortest wavelength radiation

50
Q

What is fluorescence?

A

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light

51
Q

What light emission requires a substance to be hot?

A

Incandescence

52
Q

Why is mercury gas kept at a low pressure in a fluorescent lamp?

A

So that accelerated electrons can gain enough energy between collisions to excite the mercury

Physics (1 decks)

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