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Clinical Imaging > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiography (X- rays) components?
What is it used for?
What is being assessed?

A

Film/screen, Computed, Digital
Used to diagnose or treat patients by recording images of the internal structure of the body
Assessing presence or absence of disease, foreign objects, & damage

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2
Q

Types of diagnostic imaging

A

MRI, ultrasound, CT scan, X-ray

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2
Q

Energy transmitted through space and matter

A

radiation

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2
Q

Radiography

What are the advantages of it?

What are the disadvantages of it?

A

Using radiation to provide images of structures in the body

A: It provides diagnostic info about bony changes/ most economical

D: it requires the use of ionizing radiation/ it cannot clearly visualize soft tissue/ it may miss some conditions

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2
Q

An X-ray film containing an image of a part of a patient’s anatomy is?

What does this ^ require? (3 things)

A

radiograph

a patient, an x-ray beam, an x-ray film or other image receptor

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2
Q

Why is ionizing radiation harmful?

A

It can cause damage to the cells, this damage can result in death of the cell, can cause cancer - skin/tissue damage

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2
Q

Protection against excessive exposure to _______ _______ is vitally important in radiology

A

ionizing radiation

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3
Q

What does digital radiography (available since the 1990s) do?

A

converts x- rays into electrical change or a light photon

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3
Q

What does computed radiography (available since 1980s) create?

A

a digital radiograph by exposing a phosphor screen instead of film to x rays

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3
Q

What does resolution mean in radiology?

A

the ability of an imaging system to faithfully reproduce a sharp edge that is present in the object

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3
Q

Physical quantities of an object that determines amount of radiation it absorbs from an x-ray beam is dependent on? (3 things)

The greater these factors are the greater the

A

atomic number (# of electrons with which an x-ray photon can interact), volume density, thickness

radiodensity

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3
Q

The end result of both computed and digital radiography

A

the image is transmitted electronically, stored digitally, and then altered to enhance dx (diagnosis) detail

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3
Q

Compare and contrast computed vs. digital radiography in regards to….

Cost
Time
Portability
Resolution

A

C: Costs less, Slower, More portable, greater resolution
D: Cost more, Faster, Less portable, less resolution

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4
Q

The reduction in intensity of an x-ray beam as it transverses matter is either ________ or ______?

This is called?

A

absorbed or deflected

attenuation

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5
Q

The amount of blackening on the radiograph shows the

A

radiographic density (amount of radiation penetrated)

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6
Q

True or False?

There is an inverse relationship between radiographic density and radiodensity

A

True

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7
Q

Greater radiodensity and less radiographic density will show a

Greater radiographic density and less radiodensity will show a

A

Whiter image

Darker image

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8
Q

What does radiopaque and radiolucent describe

Which is not easily penetrated by x-rays?

Which is easily penetrated by x-rays?

A

greater and lesser degrees of radiodensity

radiopaque = not easy (white and has a great radiodensity)
radiolucent = easy (dark)

9
Q

Describe the shades of gray on an image (5)

Which is the most radiodense tissue of the body?

A

Black (air)
Gray- Black (fat)
Gray (water)
White (bone)
Solid White (metal)

Bone = most radiodense

10
Q

The thicker the object the more ________ ?

A

Radiodense

Ex. Lead (atomic number of 82) = 11,340
VS.
Fat (atomic number of 6.46) = 916

11
Q

What is the general concept of resolution?

A

The level of detail contained in an image

12
Q

The thicker the object the more

A

radiodense

13
Q

the angle of projection determines

what is projection

It goes through the _____ to the image receptor

A

the form seen

the path the x-ray beam travels from the the x ray tube

patient

14
Q

For an x-ray it is important that we get multiple

a single radiograph provides

A

views (one view is no view)

2 dimensions length x width

15
Q

The reference for all patient positions when using radiographic technology is in _______ position

A

anatomical (you are facing the patient so left is right, right is left)

16
Q

Most common forms of projection

A

anteroposterior (AP)
posteroanterior (PA)
lateral (ML or LM)
oblique (anything between lateral and AP)

17
Q

What is decubitus in regards to projection and positioning

A

body on horizontal surface and use of horizontal x-ray beam (sidelying)

18
Q

For projection __ images at a right angle are necessary

ALL bones and joints are evaluated by an __ ________ except the hand. The hand is done in a __ ________ with the palm down and beam going through the back of the hand

A

2

AP projection, PA projection

19
Q

The four image quality factors

A

density, contrast, detail, distortion

20
Q

The amount of blackening on a radiograph

This is the opposite of

it is adjusted by 3 varying things

A

radiographic density

radiodensity

current, exposure time, distance from x-ray beam to image receptor (40 cm)

21
Q

Radiographic contrast

the purpose of it

A

difference among various adjacent radiographic densities

makes details more visible

22
Q

If radiographic contrast is under exposed it is greater for seeing

if the contrast is correctly exposed it is greater for seeing

It all depends on what

A

details for tissue

detail for bone

the tissue that needs to be investigated (overexposure is not good for seeing anything)

23
Q

Low contrast to see

High contrast to see

A

soft tissue

bone

24
Q

The primary controlling factor of detail is

The closer an object is to the image receptor the more …

A

motion

sharply it is defined

25
Q

The difference between the actual object and its recorded image

factors that control this (3)

A

radiographic distortion

-distance between beam source, patient, and image receptor
-body alignment
-position of central ray of x-ray

26
Q

The purpose of a routine radiographic exam

possible results of this exam (5)

A

to provide the most visualization of anatomy with the least number of radiographs and thus expose the patient to minimal radiation

  • positive for the suspected clinical dx
  • negative for the suspected clinical dx
  • negative for one dx but raising the possibility for another dx
  • inconclusive requiring more imaging
  • wrong (patient may just need to ice)
27
Q

ABCS (for radiographic evaluation search pattern)

In order to assess alignment general skeletal architecture to look for is (5)

A

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissues

aberrant size of bones
supernumerary bone
congenital anomalies
absence of any bones
developmental deformities

27
Q

For assessing contour of bones cortical outlines of each bone should be

You should assess (3)

A

smooth and continuous

  • appearance, gross normal size, and # of bones
28
Q

For assessing bone density what should be looked for

A

loss of bone density resulting in poor contrast between soft tissue and bones as well as as thinning or absent cortical margins

29
Q

a decrease in bone density =

A

changes within cortex of the bone

30
Q

Texture abnormalities in search patterns include assessing the appearance of __________

You should specifically look for if the texture is (6)

A

trabeculae

thin, delicacy, lacy, coarsened, smudged, or fluffy

31
Q

Soft tissues to assess (5)

A

muscle, fat pads & lines, joint capsule, periosteum, miscellaneous (foreign bodies, gas bubbles, calcifications)

32
Q

When assessing normal positional relationships between bones we should assess (3)

A
  • dislocation
  • fracture
  • subluxation

Clinical Imaging (2 decks)

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