Quiz #1 Flashcards
what is the cerebrum made of?
frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobes subcortical structures
what purpose does the frontal lobe serve?
voluntary movement and language production by the motor strip, the supplemental motor area, and Broca’s area
executes goal-oriented activity by the prefrontal cortex [PFC]
what purpose does the parietal lobe serve?
receives and identifies sensory info. [touch, pressure, pain and temp.] by primary sensory area
able to form concepts and abstract ideas [i.e. language]
right and left orientation, body awareness
what purpose does the occipital lobe serve?
interprets visual images
visual association
visual memories
involved w language formation
what purpose do the temporal lobes serve?
concerned w/ sensory experience
role in memory processing and emotion
contain hippocampus, which interacts w/ the prefrontal area in memory and learning
- the amygdala, also found here, plays major role in memory and in processing fear and anxiety
what [1] is and [2] makes up the limbic system?
made up by the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus
it may also be referred to as the “emotional brain”
it appears to house the emotional association areas and is implicated in what is termed the four “F’s”: fighting, fleeing, feeding, and fucking
what purpose do the subcortical structures serve?
made up of 4 subcortical basal ganglia that makes up gray matter nuclei
allows for smooth integration of emotions, thoughts, and physical movement
role in motor responses via the extrapyramidaal motor system
- relies on dopamine to maintain muscle tone and motor stability
what purpose does the thalamus serve?
the major sensory relay station to the cortex
what purpose does the hypothalamus serve?
maintains homeostasis
regulates temp., B.P., sexual drive, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms
hypothalamic neurohormones, or releasing hormones, direct the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland
what purpose does the cerebellum serve?
primarily involved in balance and smooth muscle movement
what [1] are neurons and [2] what purpose do they serve in the brain?
they’re able to conduct an electrical impulse from one end of the cell to the other, neurotransmission, converted at synapes where neurotransmitters are released, electrical signals are elicited on other side of synapse
- this is how info. processing in the brain occurs
once the electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron, the neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal
- the transmitter crosses the synapse to an adjacent postsynaptic neuron, where it attaches to specialized receptors on the cell surface and either inhibits or excites the postsynaptic neuron
the transmitter then separates from the receptor and is destroyed or reuptaked into the cell from which they were released
what are the [1] major groups of neurotransmitters and [2] examples of each ?
monoamines [i.e. dopamine, norepi., serotonin, histamine]
amino acids [i.e. GABA, glutamate]
peptides [i.e. neurotensin]
cholinergics [i.e. Ach]
what are the [1] functions and [2] clinical revelance of dopamine?
it is an excitatory neurotransmitter fx: fine muscle movement integration of emotions and thoughts decision-making stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones stimulates the heart c.r.: increases schizophrenia, mania decreases parkinson's disease, depression
what are the [1] functions and [2] clinical revelance of norepi.?
it is an excitatory neurotransmitter fx: mood [along w/ serotonin] attention and arousal stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous sytem for "fight or flight" in response to stress c.r.: increases mania, anxiety, schizophrenia decreases depression
what are the [1] functions and [2] clinical revelance of serotonin?
it is an excitatory neurotransmitter fx: mood [along w/ norepi.] sleep regulation hunger pain perception aggression hormonal activity c.r.: increases anxiety [w/ high levels] dereases depression
