Quiz 1

Question 1

Cerebellum

Answer 1

It is involved in coordination of voluntary movements and the learning of motor
skills.

Question 2

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 2

This is the cerebrospinal fluid path through midbrain

from the third to fourth ventricle.

Question 3

Cerebral peduncle/crus cerebri

Answer 3

Located in the ventral midbrain. Comprised of
cerebral cortical efferent projections to the brain stem (corticobulbar) and spinal cord
(corticospinal)

Question 4

Cochlear nuclei

Answer 4

Situated on the inferior cerebllar peduncle at the ponto-mesencephalic
junction. It is the site of termination of auditory nerve fibers in CNVIII and is the first
relay nucleus in the auditory patheway.

Question 5

Deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate, interposed, fastigeal)

Answer 5

The output nuclei from the

cerebellum (listed from lateral to medial).

Question 6

Dorsal columns

Answer 6

This is the collective term for the fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus

Question 7

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus –

Answer 7

This is the collection of motor neurons for
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons running in CNX. The rostral part is often
called the inferior salivatory nucleus and contribues parasympathetic fibers to CNIX

Question 8

External/lateral cuneate nucleus

Answer 8

This nucleus is immeiately lateral to the nucleus
cuneatus and relays proprioceptive information from the upper limbs to the
cerebellum.

Question 9

Facial nucleus

Answer 9

This nucleus is located in the caudal pons and is the origin for motor
nerve fibers to muscles of facial expression.

Question 10

Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus

Answer 10

These are tracts conveying well-localized touch,
Internal brainstem
pressure, vibration and joint position sense from legs (gracilis) and arms (cuneatus).
Located in the dorsal funiculus of spinal cord. Collectively called the dorsal columns

Question 11

Hypoglossal nucleus

Answer 11

This is the nucleus in the dorsal, medial medulla containing

motor neurons for tongue muscles.

Question 12

Inferior cerebellar peduncle/restiform body

Answer 12

This is the connection from medulla to

cerebellum. Conveys nerve fibers from spinal cord and brain stem to the cerebellum.

Question 13

Inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 13

This is the large nucleus in the ventral lateral medulla that is
the origin of cerebellar climbing fibers and that is critical for normal cerebellar
function.

Question 14

Internal arcuate fibers

Answer 14

These are nerve fibers arising from neurons of the nucleus
gracilis and cuneatus, passing ventrally and decussating. The are a distinctive feature
of the caudal to mid medulla

Question 15

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 15

This nucleus is located in the caudal part of thalamus (part
of diencepahlon). It is the termination of the optic tract and is a critical relay in the
visual pathway.

Question 16

Medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 16

This nucleus is located in the caudal part of thalamus (of
the diencepahlon) and relays auditory information from the inferior colliculus to the
auditory cortex.

Question 17

Medial lemniscus

Answer 17

This tract is the continuation of sensory axons that arise from the
dorsal column nuclei and pass through the internal arcuate fibers. This tract relays
dorsl colums sensations (well-localized touch vibration and joint sensation) rostrally
through brain stem to the thalamus.

Question 18

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) –

Answer 18

This is a distinctive bundle of axons this
includes several ascending and descending tracts. It is especially important in yoking
together horizontal eye movements. Located near midline, just ventral to ventricle
system.

Question 19

Medullary pyramid

Answer 19

This is the fiber bundle in the ventral part of the medulla
containing corticospinal tracts, which are involved in skilled movements of
contralteral limbs.

Question 20

Middle cerebellar peduncle/brachium pontis

Answer 20

This is the connection from the basal
pons to cerebellum. It is a relay for connections from the cerebral cortex to
cerebellum (cortico-pontine, ponto-cerebellar)

Question 21

Nucleus gracilis and cuneatus

Answer 21

These are nuclei in the caudal medulla for termination
of fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus, respectively. They are the relay for well-localized
touch, pressure and vibrattory sense.

Question 22

Nucleus solitarius

Answer 22

This is the visceral sensory nucleus for CNX and CNIX. The rostralportion receives taste input (gustatory nucleus).

Question 23

Obex

Answer 23

The location where the central canal opens up to the fourth ventricle.

Question 24

Periaqueductal gray

Answer 24

This is a conspicuous nucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
that contains endogenous opiate neurons and activates descending pain suppression
pathways.

Question 25

Pineal gland

Answer 25

This is a gland located just dorsal to midbrain. It is involved in circadian
secretion of melatonin.

Question 26

Pontine nuclei /basal pons

Answer 26

This is the bulbous nucleus that forms the ventral aspect of pons. The termination of corticopontine fibers and origin for pontocerebellar
projections through middle cerebellar peduncle.

Question 27

Raphe nuclei

Answer 27

Serotonin-containing neurons in midline of brain stem.

Question 28

Red nucleus

Answer 28

This is a large and distinctive motor nucleus in midbrain. It is the origin of
the rubrospinal tract and projections to the inferior olivary nucleus.

Question 29

Solitary tract

Answer 29

A distinctive tract in the dorsal medulla that distributes vagal and
glossopharyngeal visceral sensory axons to the proper pars of the nucleus solitarius.

Question 30

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal –

Answer 30

A long nucleus of the latreral brain stem that is the
termination of trigeminal pain and temperature sensory fibers in the spinal tract of the
trigeminal.

Question 31

Spinal tract of the trigeminal

Answer 31

A collection of trigeminal pain and temperature sensory
fibers running caudally through the lateral medulla. They are first order sensory fibers
from the trigeminal nerve.

Question 32

Substantial nigra

Answer 32

A large nucleus of the midbrain located just dorsal to the crus
cerebri. The pars compacts is the major source of dopamine in basal ganglia.
Degenerates in Parknson’s disease.

Question 33

Superior cerebellar peduncle/brachium conjunctivum

Answer 33

This is the connection from

cerebellum to midbrain. Most of cerebellar outputs traverse this pathway.

Question 34

Superior colliculus

Answer 34

A nucleus that receives input from many sensations (especially
vision) and is involved in producing reflex head and eye movement to novel stimuli.

Question 35

Tegmentum

Answer 35

The term used for the “core” of the brain stem between the ventricle
system dorsally and the motor structures in the ventral part of the brain stem (the
pyramids and inferior olive in the medulla, the pontine nuclei in the pons and the crus
cerebri and substantia nigra in the midbrain.

Question 36

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 36

CNV passing through middle cerebellar peduncle in mid pons.

Question 37

Trigeminal nuclei

Answer 37

The motor neurons to jaw muscles. Termination of touch and

pressure sensory fibers from the face

Question 38

Ventral tegmental area

Answer 38

A region of dopaminergic neurons in the midline of the
ventral midbrain. The major dopamine source in the mesolimbic and mesocortical
dopamine reward system. Major site of addiction research.

Question 39

Vestibular nuclei/complex

Answer 39

The termination of vestibular nerve fibers of CNVIII.

Question 40

Inferior colliculus

Answer 40

A relay for auditory pathway. It is located dorsal to cerebral
aqueduct (in tectum).

Question 41

Proteolipid Protein PLP fxn

Answer 41

in CNS, probably involved in myelin compaction

Question 42

Po Protein

Answer 42

in PNS, may mediate myeling compaction

Question 43

Neuregulin

Answer 43

transmembrane factors that determine how much myelin to wrap

Question 44

Myelin associated Protein

Answer 44

may be inovlved in axonal-glial recognition, adhesion, and initation of myelination

Question 45

Myelin Basic Protein

Answer 45

may help mediate apposition of inner membrane surface by stopping charges from repelling one another