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PHILOSOPHY > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • is synonymous to liberty or independence
A

freedom

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2
Q

(DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY)
-right of a person to do whatever he/she pleases to do, for as long as his/her conduct or actions are within the bounds set by law

A

freedom

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3
Q

Types of freedom

A

Freedom of Expression
Freedom of Speech
Freedom of Thought

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4
Q

-People can express themselves through media

A

Freedom of Expression

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5
Q
  • Right for an individual to openly criticize or affirm the actions of the people around him/her
A

Freedom of Speech

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6
Q
  • can never be taken away if imprisoned/ tortured/ commanded not to
A

Freedom of Thought

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7
Q

notions of freedom

A

Nonphilosophical
Political
Philosophical

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8
Q
  • People misconstrue the very essence of freedom & Intentional misunderstanding of the concept is used to advance own selfishness
A

g.w.f. hegel

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9
Q
  • There is a pressing need to clearly establish & define the meaning of freedom
A

g.w.f. hegel

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10
Q
  • Everything determined by previously existing causes
A

Determinism

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11
Q
  • usually construed as something that rules out free will because it claims that humans do not have a choice as their future has already been predetermined
A

Determinism

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12
Q

Human beings live in an ordered universe and all phenomena occur with seemingly law-like regularity -

A

Metaphysical View of the Nature of Things

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13
Q

Implies that future is predictable and explainable -

A

Metaphysical View of the Nature of Things

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14
Q
  • asserts that there are things in the universe which do not have antecedent causes
A

Free Will

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15
Q
  • the will acts independently from causes
A

Free Will

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16
Q
  • it rejects the concept of determinism
A

Free Will

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17
Q

manifests in the context of one’s desires, reasons, inspirations, and motivations and, in turn, invokes his/her power to choose

A

Human Free Will

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18
Q
  • a kind of philosophy that highlights human existence, human freedom, and choice.- anchored on the question of human existence
A

Existentialism

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19
Q
  • argues that one must define his/her meaning in life and make rational decisions
A

Existentialism

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20
Q
  • holds that a person was thrown into nothingness and for him/her to counter such state, he/she must embrace his/her existence
A

Existentialism

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21
Q
  • Known existentialist
A

Jean paulsartre

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22
Q
  • Explores the true meaning of freedom in what way a person can achieve such
A

Jean paulsartre

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23
Q
  • Associated essence to human nature that one must achieve to acquire
A

Jean paulsartre

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24
Q
  • ability to choose
A

Freedom

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25
Q
  • Existentialism is a Humanism
A

Jean paulsartre

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26
Q
  • All human beings, having consciousness and free will, have freedom of choice
A

Jean paulsartre

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27
Q
  • There is no fixed human nature; only human conditions that dictate the limitations of human beings in the universe
A

Jean paulsartre

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28
Q

protect rights (GRANTED FREEDOM & RIGHTS)

A

Laws and Policies

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29
Q
  • Filipinos adhere to the Principle of Democracy (FREEDOM is enjoyed)
A

PHILIPPINES

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30
Q
  • Freedom to assembly, Freedom of speech, Freedom of Expression etc.
A

PHILIPPINES`

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31
Q

recognizes the nature of human being with respect to intersubjectivity.

A

Philosophy as a discipline

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32
Q

one of the primary factors that set someone apart from all the other species in the animal kingdom.

A

A person’s ability to socialize

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33
Q

does not only focus on one’s relationship with someone he/she loves, but also put premium to how he/she is in society influences him/her as a person.

A

Intersubjectivity

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34
Q

refers to interhuman encounter

A

Intersubjectivity

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35
Q

one does not simply acknowledge the reality that there are other beings apart from him/her who exists in this world.

A

Intersubjectivity

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36
Q

key term

A

Acceptance

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37
Q

embracing differences and diversity in terms of attitudes, skills, physical and mental attributes, and even choices and sense of decision making in life.

A

Acceptance

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38
Q

one of the most fundamental themes in discussing intersubjectivity

A

The Concept of Love

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39
Q

Intersubjective experience plays a significant role in the framework of a person as both an objectively existing and experiencing subject

A

Edmund Husserl

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40
Q

Interhuman experience is an empathic experience, as one is mirrored by his/her kind and more often that not, subrogates himself/herself into another’s shoes

A

Edmund Husserl

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41
Q

about accepting people in different walks of life

A

Intersubjectivity

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42
Q

who views his/her own culture as the center of all cultures

A

ethnocentric

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43
Q

often promotes in-group harmony

A

ethnocentrism

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44
Q

who sees his/her culture as inferior

A

xenocentric

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45
Q

may cause the slow death of culture

A

xenocentrism

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46
Q

sociologists often use _____ to view other cultures apart from their own as neither superior nor inferior.

A

culture relativism

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47
Q

These are musts in the quest for accepting other people’s differences

A

Tolerance and Dialog

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48
Q

Being with Persons with Disabilities

A

Intersubjectivity in Focus

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49
Q

before 20th,century society viewed people with disabilities as:

A

objects of fear and pity

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50
Q

Years ago in Greece, sick were called

A

inferior

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51
Q

he wrote in republic that deformed infants must be thrown away to a “mysterious unknown place”

A

PLATO

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52
Q

In African countries, children with disabilities are called:

A

shame and considered cursed

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53
Q

A person and his/her society are inseparable because

A

they are always in mutual need of each other

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54
Q

one of the most interesting topics in social sciences

A

relationship between an individual and his/her society

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55
Q

basically dependent on society

A

INDIVIDUAL

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56
Q

a lasting social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another

A

SOCIETY

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57
Q

it came to exist due to humans’ natural capacity to associate with others

A

SOCIETY

58
Q

SOCIAL ANIMALS FORMED:

A 
small community (family) -->
structured community (society)
59
Q

it creates opportunities for a person to develop his/her full potentials.

A

SOCIETY

60
Q

a very popular theory on the origin of society

A

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

61
Q

states that society came to exist out of people’s desire to have harmony in their community

A

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

62
Q

Three classical Philosophers who have different conceptions of the primordal “contract”

A

Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

63
Q

Leviathan book

A

Thomas Hobbes

64
Q

claims that a man created a government and surrendered his several rights and freedom out of fear - fear of death

A

Thomas Hobbes

65
Q

Hobbes strongly advocates

A

Golden Rule

66
Q

proposed the ideal state and government for man

A

Thomas Hobbes

67
Q

proposed the idea of artificial man

A

Thomas Hobbes

68
Q

described the political entity such as a state or nation with reference to the human body as a model

A

Thomas Hobbes

69
Q

took pessimistic route in views on human nature

A

Thomas Hobbes

70
Q

his philosophy shaped the world’s perspective on government laws

A

`Thomas Hobbes

71
Q

took a more positive road

A

John Locke

72
Q

banked on the idea that people are innattely good.

A

John Locke

73
Q

conceives the idea that a person’s nature is happy, reasonable, and tolerant

A

John Locke

74
Q

the government was created under a social contract and was given the responsibility to uphold the natural law and guaranteed the rights proceeding from such law

A

John Locke

75
Q

advocated a government with supreme power of legislation. (postulates the idea of equality where there should only be one rule for the rich and poor, that imposition of taxes must be through the consent of the people)

A

John Locke

76
Q

developed the notion that in the direst of circumstances, the people have a right and moral obligation to overthrow a corrupt government.

A

John Locke

77
Q

started his social conteacy with a provocative text “Men are born free, yet everywhere they are in chains”

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

78
Q

claimed that the civil society did nothing to ensure the observance of equality and imposition of individual liberty which by implication must be given to a person by virtue of the social contract

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

79
Q

the only legitimate government is one which was established by the people themselves who entered into a social contract for purposes of their mutual preservation

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

80
Q

interpreted the social contract as an answer to the inequalities and injustices that sprung from early societies

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

81
Q

it is the essential ingredient to attain social order

A

COMPROMISE

82
Q

SUMMARY

A

People must surrender their individual freedoms to ensure safety liberty and their right to property

83
Q

interaction of two or more individuals in a bordered situation

A

SOCIAL SYSTEM

84
Q

operates on the basis of norms and standards shared by its members

A

SOCIAL SYSTEM

85
Q

exists within a family, a team, a political party, or any social structure where individuals could share comon interests and sentiments

A

SOCIAL SYSTEM

86
Q

Elements of a social system

A 
Beliefs
Sentiments
Goals and Objectives
Norms
Statuses and Roles
Authority
Sanction
87
Q

This element brings unity and uniformity to the collective behavior of a group.

A

Beliefs

88
Q

brought by the prevalence of customs and cultures of society

A

Beliefs

89
Q

propels a social system to move forward as it provides its members a clear-cut direction in life.

A

Beliefs

90
Q

mirror what the members feel about the world and the society

A

Sentiments

91
Q

this is basically one of the reasons why social systems are established

A

Sentiments

92
Q

People who share common _____ toward something feel a strong sense of belongingness that enables them to establish close association with each other

A

Sentiments

93
Q

Every social system has its own _________ to achieve

A

Goals and Objectives

94
Q

This is the very reason why social systems are formed- to meet certain goals and realize their ultimate objectives

A

Goals and Objectives

95
Q

determine the very nature of a social system.

A

Goals and Objectives

96
Q

keep a social system intact

A

Norms

97
Q

with these, members of a certain social system are oftentimes hesitant to deviate from the rules

A

Norms

98
Q

key ingredients to the stability of a social system

A

Norms

99
Q

Every individual member in a social system plays a certain role. Every member is expected to obey the rules in accordance with one’s respective status in the society.

A

Statuses and Roles

100
Q

position which an individual holds in the society

A

Status

101
Q

are social patterns usually determined by a person’s status in society

A

Roles

102
Q

one of the social system

A

Authority

103
Q

every social system must have the ______ over its members

conflict may arise within the system if this is absent

A

Authority

104
Q

is a mechanism for social control meted to the members of a social system to ensure conformity to its norms and laws.

A

Sanction

105
Q

is needed for a social system to thrive and survive

A

Sanction

106
Q

It is an event which a person commonly dreads to witness and is a sensitive topic which one always avoids discussing

A

Death

107
Q

one condition which all living entities share

A

Death

108
Q

a reality that cannot be altered nor waived

A

Death

109
Q

all living things come to this point

A

Death

110
Q

they believe in the afterlife and in the idea of heaven and hell

A

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW

111
Q

what do Christians call death?

A

Judgment Day

112
Q

are encouraged to live by the teachings of Jesus and of the Bible in order to enter the kingdom of heaven

A

Christians

113
Q

a predominantly Christian nation

A

Philippines

114
Q

most of the Filipinos believe death as a :

A

tantamount to the end of suffering and the finding of eternal peace in the hands of the creator

115
Q

death is a natural process and it is important for a person to be aware of it

A

THE BUDDHIST VIEW

116
Q

claims that death is not the end of life, but simply the corruption of the body that one inhabits inthsi world

A

THE BUDDHIST VIEW

117
Q

it is believed that the spirit lives on after the body to have a new life

A

BUDDHISM

118
Q

adheres to the concept of reincarnation and transmigration of the spirit

A

BUDDHISM

119
Q

one will be born is a result of the past and the accumulation of positive and negative actions, and the resultant karma is a result of one’s past actions

A

BUDDHISM

120
Q

believe that rebirth is a result of karma or the accumulation of all actions of the person

A

BUDDHISTS

121
Q

According to the Buddhist belief, a person can be reborn in one of the six realms or worlds, namely:

A 
heaven
humans
asura
hungry ghosts or spirits
animals
hell
122
Q

a world of peace and long lasting happiness

A

heaven

123
Q

a world where human beings thrive

A

humans

124
Q

a spiritual realm chracterized by strife and never-ending fight because of jealousy and competition

A

asura

125
Q

also a spiritual realm characterized by dissatisfaction and discontent, and where those who carved and desired excessively in their past lives are reborn

A

hungry ghosts or spirits

126
Q

a realm similar to humans, except that those sho were reborn in this state are inferior to human beings and are always hunted by the latter. Those who are reincarnated in this world were those who have committed so many evil acts and have slaughtered and abused animals in their past life

A

animals

127
Q

which is considered as the world of eternal suffering and pain. Those who are reincarnated in the realm of hell were those people who have committed the gravest crimes and have a huge deal of negative karma in their past lives

A

hell

128
Q

It is also a teaching of Buddhism

A

Impermanence of life

129
Q

none of the mentioned realms is permanent and no one stays in those realms perpetually

A

Impermanence of life

130
Q

they were taught not to fear death as it will lead to rebirth

A

Buddhists

131
Q

it also adheres to the concept of rebirth or reincarnation with a firm claim that the soul is both immortal and imperishable

A

THE HINDU VIEW

132
Q

is a journey that begins when life has already taught the soul the lessons it needs to learn, and karma has reached a certain level of intensity. In this period, the soul leaves the body. It is here when the physical body is corrupted

A

Death in Hinduism

133
Q

Death is not an end in itself, but part of the natural process in the existence of the soul as one separate entity.

A

HINDUISM

134
Q

there is a reason why the soul journeys from one lifetime to another

A

HINDUISM

135
Q

they believe that reincarnation happens to liberate the soul from all mistakes, desires, inconsistencies, and sins.

A

HINDUISM

136
Q

they also had a strong adherence to karma

A

HINDUISM

137
Q

the act of suicide is considered a chief and highest immoral act that could be committed by a person. If this happens, his/her soul is doomed to hell for a longer period of time

A

HINDUISM

138
Q

The Hindu scriptures say that the body is composed of five elements:

A

air
fire
water
earth

they are considered as earthly elements

+
others that are known as ether (belongs to a higher realm)

139
Q

Bodies are cremated, not buried. It is believed that by cremating the bodies, the elements are returned to their rightful places

A

HINDUISM

140
Q

Heaven is never the solution to the problem of death, but the liberation of the soul from all the hindrances provided by the material world.

A

Hindu scriptures

141
Q

The best way to reach God or attain oneness with God is through discipline and devotion

A

HINDUISM

PHILOSOPHY (2 decks)

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