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HAHP 2000 > Quiz 1: Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is life span development?

A

the pattern of movement and change that begins and conception and continues throughout the life span

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of life span development?

A

Development is: lifelong, multidimensional, multidisciplinary, plastic, contextual, involves growth, maintenance and regulation, and is constructed of biology, culture, and the individual.

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3
Q

What is context?

A

Setting

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4
Q

What are 3 contextual influences?

A

Normative Age Graded influences, Normative History Graded influences, and Non-Normative influences

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5
Q

What is Normative Age Graded Influences?

A

things that are similar to people in the same age group

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6
Q

What is Normative History Graded Influences?`

A

things that are similar to people who were alive during a certain historic event (generational things)

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7
Q

What is a Non-Normative Influence?

A

Something that cannot be predicted, unanticipated events

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8
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average age that a child born in a given year, in a given context, can expect to live to be.

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9
Q

What is median age?

A

The age when half of the population is older and half the population is younger.

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10
Q

What contributes to median age?

A

Baby boomers, health care, life expectancy, and family size

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11
Q

What is one of the main key determinants of health?

A

Socio-Economic Status

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12
Q

What are the three developmental processes?

A

Biological, Cognitive, and Socio-Emotional

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13
Q

What are Biological Processes?

A

Change in physical nature

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14
Q

What are Cognitive Processes?

A

Change in thought, intelligence and language

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15
Q

What are Socio-Emotional Processes?

A

Change in relationships, emotions and personality.

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16
Q

What are the five types of age?

A

Chronological, biological, mental, psychological, social

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17
Q

What is chronological age?

A

numeric age

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18
Q

What is biological age?

A

age in terms of health

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19
Q

What is mental age?

A

Age in terms of problem solving skills

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20
Q

What is Psychological age?

A

Age in terms of adaptational skills

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21
Q

What is social age?

A

social roles related to chronological age

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22
Q

What are the 3 issues in lifespan development?

A

nature vs. nurture, continuity vs. discontinuity, stability vs. change

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23
Q

What is the nature vs. nurture issue?

A

whether development is caused by biology or environment

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24
Q

What is continuity vs. discontinuity?

A

whether development is continual and cumulative or distinct changes

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25
Q

What is stability vs change?

A

Do we become older versions of the same person or do we change who we are as we grow

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26
Q

What are socio-cultural contexts?

A

the way culture, ethnicity, race and gender can influence society

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27
Q

What is culture?

A

behaviour patterns, beliefs, and other products of a group that are passed on

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28
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion and language

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29
Q

What is race?

A

classification based on real or imagined biological characteristics

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30
Q

What is gender?

A

the social and psychological dimensions of being male or female

31
Q

What is social policy?

A

National government’s course of action designed to influence the welfare of it’s citizens

32
Q

What are the four steps of the scientific method?

A

1) conceptualize a problem (create a theory/hypothesis)
2) collect data
3) analyze data
4) draw a conclusion

33
Q

What are the 5 methods of data collection?

A

observational, survey/interview, case study, standardized test, physiological measures

34
Q

What are the 3 kinds of research designs?

A

Correlational research, Descriptive research, and experimental research

35
Q

What are the three time spans of research?

A

Cross sectional, longitudinal, and sequential

36
Q

What is cross sectional research?

A

data collected from individuals of different ages at the same time

37
Q

What is longitudinal research?

A

data collected from the same individuals over a period of time

38
Q

What is sequential research?

A

combination of cross sectional and longitudinal

39
Q

What is a cohort effect?

A

an effect due to persons of the same generation or time of birth but not to the age. Can effect the dependent variable.

40
Q

What method of research is used to eliminate cohort effects?

A

Sequential

41
Q

Who are the two psychoanalytic theorists?

A

Freud, Erikson

42
Q

Who developed the psychosexual theory?

A

Freud

43
Q

Who developed the psychosocial theory?

A

Erikson

44
Q

What is the psychoanalytic approach?

A

unconscious development, lead by emotion. behaviour is a surface characteristic that can be analyzed to find the deeper meaning

45
Q

What is the psychosexual theory?

A

The idea that we develop based on unconscious thoughts related to our sexual feelings. dream analysis can be used to uncover repressed thoughts.

46
Q

What are the three factors of Freud’s theory of personality?

A

id, ego, superego

47
Q

What are the five psychosexual stages?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital. Conflict at each stage and conflict resolution determines adult self.

48
Q

What are the main differences between Erikson’s theory and Freud’s theory?

A

Freud = sexual, during childhood, Erikson = social, lifelong

49
Q

What are the eight stages of the psychosocial theory?

A

1) Trust vs. Mistrust
2) Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
3) Initiative vs. Guilt
4) Industry vs. Inferiority
5) Identity vs. Isolation
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation
7) Generativity vs. Stagnation
8) Integrity vs. Despair

50
Q

What is the cognitive approach?

A

An approach that assumes development is conscious

51
Q

Who are the cognitive approach theorists?

A

Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky

52
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s theory?

A

Children activity construct an understanding of their world by assimilation and accomodation

53
Q

What is assimilation?

A

working new info into existing info

54
Q

What is accomodation?

A

making a new spot for info that doesn’t fit in with existing info

55
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational

56
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

incorporating sensory info with actions

57
Q

What is the preoperational stage?

A

connecting sensory/motor to words and images

58
Q

What is concrete operational?

A

logical reasoning and classification

59
Q

What is formal operational?

A

abstract, idealistic and logical reasoning

60
Q

What is the information Processing approach?

A

manipulating, monitoring, and strategizing info. central to memory and thinking

61
Q

What is the behavioural and social cognitive approach?

A

the theory that behaviour, environment and cognitive factors are important in understanding development

62
Q

What are three examples of Behavioural/Social cognitive approaches?

A

Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura

63
Q

What is the ethological approach?

A

the study of animal behaviour

64
Q

Who are some examples of ethological theorists?

A

Darwin (natural selection), Konrad Lorenz (imprinting), Jane Goodall (chimps vs. humans), John Bowlby (attachment to caregiver)

65
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

the idea that people aim to be their best self

66
Q

Who are some humanistic theorists?

A

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

67
Q

What is Carl Roger’s Theory?

A

Congruence vs. Incongruence, aim to be your best self

68
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self Actualization

69
Q

Who created the Bio-Ecological Approach?

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner

70
Q

What is the Bio-Ecological Approach?

A

The idea that environment influences development

71
Q

What are the five levels of the Bio-Ecological Approach?

A

Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, Chronosystem

72
Q

What are the contemporary psychology approaches?

A

Dynamic systems, evolutionary psych, neuroscience, positive psych

73
Q

What is the eclectic approach?

A

a collection of all of the best parts of each of the theories

74
Q

What are the eight approaches?

A

Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, Behavioural/Social Cognitive, Ethological, Humanist, Bio-Ecological, Contemporary Psychology, Eclectic

HAHP 2000 (4 decks)

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